维持性血液透析患者自我管理能力及影响因素分析

Analysis of self-management ability and influencing factors in patients with maintenance hemodialysis

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者自我管理能力水平现状及自我管理能力的影响因素,以便于提高患者自我管理能力。方法采用便利抽样法,选取自2016年10月至2019年6月在本院血液透析室行维持性血液透析的患者80例,采用调查问卷、自我管理行为量表、家庭关怀度指数量表、自我感受负担量表进行测查。依据自我管理行为量表评分高低分为A组(评分>60分)、B组(评分≤60分),采用Pearson相关性检验确定相关性。结果A组疾病透析时间、并发症发生程度显著低于B组(P<0.05);A组自我管理行为、家庭关怀指数评分均显著高于B组(P<0.05);A组自我感受负担评分显著低于B组(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关性检验确定,患者家庭关怀程度与自我管理行为能力存在正相关性(P<0.05);透析时间、并发症严重程度、自我感受负担与自我管理行为能力存在负相关(P<0.05)。结论维持性血液透析患者自我管理能力与家庭关怀程度存在正相关性,与透析时间、并发症严重程度、自我感受负担水平呈负相关。在临床护理中,需要注重修复家庭关怀程度,减少并发症,并结合透析时间差异进行个性化护理干预。

Objective To explore the level status of self-management ability and the influencing factors of self-management ability in patients with maintenance hemodialysis,in order to improve the self-management ability of patients.Methods We selected 80 cases of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in our hemodialysis room from October 2016 to June 2019 by using the convenience sampling method.The questionnaires,self-management behavior scale,family care index scale,and self-perceived burden scale were used to survey.The patients were divided into group A(scores>60 points)and group B(scores≤60 points)according to the scores of the self-management behavior scale,and the correlation was determined by using the Pearson correlation test.Results The dialysis time and the occurrence degree of complications in group A were significantly lower than those in group B(P<0.05).The self-management behavior and family care index scores in group A were obviously higher than those in group B(P<0.05).The self-perceived burden score in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05).The Pearson correlation test confirmed that there was a positive correlation between self-management ability and degree of family care in patients with maintenance hemodialysis(P<0.05);it was negatively correlated with dialysis time,severity of complications,and self-perceived burden level(P<0.05).Conclusion There was a positive correlation between self-management ability and degree of family care in patients with maintenance hemodialysis,it was negatively correlated with dialysis time,severity of complications,and self-perceived burden level.In clinical nursing,it was necessary to pay attention to repairing degree of family care,reduce complications,and carry out personalized nursing interventions based on the difference of dialysis time.