欧盟参与南极海洋环境治理的路径及趋势

On the Path and Trend of the European Union’s Participation in Antarctic Marine Environmental Governance

欧盟是南极海洋环境治理机制参与主体之一。《南极条约》体系因其具有独立性,在一定程度上导致以海洋环境治理为核心的南极地缘政治的兴起,《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》及相关海洋保护区提案均可视为南极地缘政治的产物。欧盟依据相关条约参与区域海洋环境治理,也受到其行为体特征和力量性质的限制,并承受来自不同条约体系的结构性张力。2018年的"南极海洋保护区案"在一定程度上解决了欧盟与成员国的权能争议,推动欧盟进一步协调内部立场,但欧盟与成员国之间围绕南极海洋保护区建设仍存在博弈的空间。统一欧盟内部立场,不断拉近不同海洋治理机制之间的差距,通过国际合作把握各方参与南极海洋环境治理的通约性,将是欧盟深度介入南极地缘政治格局、维护其利益诉求的主流路径。

The EU(European Union)is one of the participants in the Antarctic marine environmental governance mechanism.The independence of the Antarctic Treaty system has led to the rise of Antarctic Geopolitics with marine environmental governance at its core.The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources and the related proposals for Marine Protected Areas(MPAs)can be regarded as products of Antarctic geopolitics.The EU’s participation in regional marine environmental governance in accordance with relevant international conventions is limited by the characteristics of the EU as an international actor and the nature of its limited strength and confronted with structural tension from different treaty systems.The European Court of Justice has solved the competence dispute between the EU and its member states to a certain extent,prompting the EU to further coordinate its internal positions.However,conflicts regarding the Antarctic MPAs issues between the EU and its member states could still arise in the future.Harmonization of the EU’s internal positions,removal of the distinction between different ocean governance systems and intensified international cooperation will be the major approaches by which the EU could deeply intervene in Antarctic Geopolitics and safeguard its interests.