电商平台经营者先行赔偿责任的法律逻辑及规则构建

Legal Logic and Rule Construction of the E-commerce Platform Operator’s First Liability

2019年1月开始施行的《中华人民共和国电子商务法》第五十八条第三款规定,电商平台经营者先行赔偿责任适用《消费者权益保护法》中的相关规定。由于《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》唯一相关的第四十四条第一款属于责任转移制度,导致了电商平台经营者先行赔偿责任“有名无实”。对于这类法律衔接的“制度夹缝”问题,既要从平台主体优越性、追偿能力及本身负有的监管义务等方面论证其承担先行赔偿责任的合理性,同时基于对电商平台自身的保护,还应在规则构建上以具有实害结果的产品侵权事件为赔偿范围,以平台双重审核为赔偿前提,以不真正连带责任为责任形态,从而达到既能保障消费者权益,又不伤及平台经济的效果。

Article 58(3)of the Electronic Commerce Law enacted in January 2019 stipulates that e-commerce platform operator shall first assume the compensation liability,and relevant provisions of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Rights and Interests of Consumers shall apply.But due to the fact that the only relevant provision of Article 44(1)belongs to the responsibility transfer system,it makes the operator’s compensation in advance remain in name only.For the“institutional crack”problem of such legal convergence,it is necessary to demonstrate the rationality of the first party’s liability for compensation from the aspects of the superiority of the platform,the ability to recover,and its own regulatory obligations.At the same time,based on the protection of the e-commerce platform itself,in the construction of rules,it is also necessary to take the product infringement incident with the actual result as the premise,take the double auditing of the platform as the premise,take the unreal joint responsibility as the responsibility form,to achieve the protection of consumer rights without hurting the platform economy.