广元市1～6岁儿童第二类疫苗接种情况分析

The Category Ⅱ Vaccination Among Children Aged 1 to 6 Years in Guangyuan City

目的分析广元市1~6岁儿童6种第二类疫苗的接种情况,为加强第二类疫苗预防接种提供依据。方法2019-08-10从广元市免疫规划管理信息系统选取120311名1~6岁儿童为研究对象,采用描述性统计方法分析其b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗(Hib)、水痘减毒活疫苗(varv)、流行性感冒疫苗(InfV)、肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗(EV71)、23价肺炎球菌结合疫苗(PPV23)、口服轮状病毒减毒活疫苗(ORV)接种情况。不同户籍、不同年龄段儿童接种率的比较采用卡方检验,以α=0.05为检验水准。结果广元市1~6岁儿童Hib、varv、InfV、EV71、PPV23、ORV的接种率分别为53.13%、73.65%、27.70%、24.68%、45.64%和24.87%;广元市5种多剂次第二类疫苗全程接种率在1.47%~23.46%之间;本地户籍儿童第二类疫苗接种率均高于外地户籍儿童,差异有统计学意义(χ2 Hib=266.52,χ2 Varv=201.79,χ2 InfV=126.33,χ2 EV71=84.31,χ2 PPV23=306.25,χ2 ORV=100.65,P<0.01);不同年龄组6种第2类疫苗接种率差异有统计学意义(χ2 Hib=7717.96,χ2 Varv=778.49,χ2 InfV=3799.89,χ2 EV71=21527.54,χ2 PPV23=245.84,χ2 ORV=497.81,P<0.01)。其中Hib、InfV接种率随着年龄段增加而上升(P均<0.05);varv、EV71接种率随着年龄段增加而下降(P均<0.05);PPV23不同年龄段接种率波动幅度小,ORV4~5岁年龄段接种率最高。结论广元市儿童第二类疫苗接种率均偏低,建议各级政府提高重视,将部分第二类疫苗尽早纳入免疫规划或医保,同时加大宣传力度,提高接种率,保护易感儿童。

Objective To analyze the vaccination status of six kinds of category II vaccines in children aged 1 to 6 years in Guangyuan city so as to provide evidence for strengthening the category II vaccination.Methods On August 10,2019,120311 children aged 1 to 6 years were selected from the Immunization Planning Management Information System of Guangyuan city to analyze the vaccination situation of haemophilus type B conjugate vaccine(Hib),varicella vaccine(varv),influenza vaccine(InfV),enterovirus type 71 vaccine(EV71),23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPV23)and oral rotavirus attenuated live vaccine(ORV).The vaccination rates of children with different household registration and different ages were compared by chi-square tests.The test level wasα=0.05.Results The vaccination rates of Hib,varv,InfV,EV71,PPV23 and ORV in children aged 1 to 6 years were 53.13%,73.65%,27.70%,24.68%,45.64%and 24.87%in Guangyuan city,respectively.The full-series coverage rate of the five vaccines ranged from 1.47%to 23.46%.The vaccination status of category II vaccines of local children were higher than those of nonnative children(χ2 Hib=266.52,χ2 Varv=201.79,χ2 InfV=126.33,χ2 EV71=84.31,χ2 PPV23=306.25,χ2 ORV=100.65,all P values<0.01).The vaccination status of six kinds of category II vaccines were different in age groups(χ2 Hib=7717.96,χ2 Varv=778.49,χ2 InfV=3799.89,χ2 EV71=21527.54,χ2 PPV23=245.84,χ2 ORV=497.81,P<0.01).The vaccination rates of Hib and InfV showed an upward trend with the increase of age(P<0.05),whereas varv and EV71 decreased with the increase of age.The vaccination rates of PPV23 fluctuated slightly in different age groups(P<0.05),while the vaccination rates of ORV in children aged 4-5 years were highest.Conclusion The vaccination rate of category II vaccines in children aged 1 to 6 years in Guangyuan City is relatively low.Governments at all levels should pay more attention to the integration of some category II vaccines into immunization planning or medical insurance as soon as possible.Meanwhile,the publicity should be strengthened in order to increase the vaccination rate and protect vulnerable children.