2005年与2015年澳门儿童青少年生长发育快速增长期体质特征的比较研究

The Comparative Study on Physical Characteristics of Macao Children and Adolescents During the Rapid Growth Period in 2005 and 2015

目的:通过对澳门儿童青少年2015年与2005年体质监测数据进行纵向分析比较,探讨澳门儿童青少年生长发育快速增长期体质特征。方法:以2005、2015年澳门地区儿童青少年及2014年内地儿童青少年为研究对象,采用分层随机整群抽样,年龄为6~22岁,按照1岁为1个年龄组划分。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行数据处理,进行独立样本t检验,检验2005、2015年澳门地区儿童青少年不同指标快速增长的时期、快速增长期的均值、年平均增长值,从而发现快速增长期的变化特征。结果:1)2015年男生体重比2005年提前1年进入快速增长期,2015年男、女生快速增长期身高、体重均值均高于2005年(P<0.05);2)2015年女生肺活量比2005年提前1年进入快速增长期,快速增长期均值低于2005年(P<0.05);3)2015年身体素质快速增长期与2005年相比,女生速度素质、立定跳远晚1年结束,男、女生耐力素质、女生肌力提前1年进入快速增长期;4)2015年男、女生速度素质、耐力素质快速增长期均值低于2005年(P<0.05),男、女生立定跳远和女生肌力快速增长期均值高于2005年(P<0.05)。结论:1)2005年与2015年比较发现,澳门儿童青少年身高、体重增长,快速增长期增幅加大,超重、肥胖人数比例有所增长;2)身体机能在各年龄段有高有低,女生提前1年进入快速增长期,快速增长期均值有所下降,增长幅度有所增加;3)男、女生耐力素质和女生肌力提前1年进入快速增长期,各身体素质快速增长期均值及增长幅度有增有减。

Objective:To understand the changes in rapid growth period for children and adolescents in Macao and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of government policy,physical fitness surveillance data in Macao children and adolescents in 2015 and 2005 were compared and analyzed.Methods:Children and adolescents in Macao between 2005 and 2015 and inland children in 2014 were selected as the research objects,ranging from 6 to 22 years old.With the stratified random and divided by 1 year into 1 age group.With SPSS 19.0 statistical software for statistical analysis and independent sample t test,so as to find the period of rapid growth of different indicators,the average value of the rapid growth period,and the annual average growth value of Macao children and adolescents between 2005 and 2015 in rapid growth period.Results:1)The weight of boys in 2015 entered a period of rapid growth one year earlier than in 2005.The average height and weight of boys and girls during the rapid growth period in 2015 were higher than in 2005,P<0.05;2)girls’vital capacity in 2015,entered a period of rapid growth one year earlier than in 2005.The average value of the rapid growth period was lower than in 2005,P<0.05.3)the end of girls’speed and the long jump were one year later than in 2005.On the contrary,the endurance quality of male and female students and the muscle strength of female students in 2015 entered the rapid growth period one year earlier than in 2005.In 2015,the average value of speed and endurance during the rapid growth period of boys and girls was lower than that in 2005,P<0.05.The average value of boys’and girls’standing long jump and girls’muscle strength were higher than in 2005,P<0.05.Conclusion:1)The height and weight of Macao children and adolescents keep increasing over the decade with the growing rates in rapid growth period.The proportion of overweight and obesity had also increased;2)physical functions of children and adolescents in Macao were variation at different ages.Girls in 2015 entered the rapid growth period by one year in advance.The mean value of the rapid growth period decreased and the growth rate increased;3)the rapid growth period of stamina of all students and the muscle strength of female students in 2015 were one year early than 2005,and the mean and growth rates were variation.