PISA科学素养测试等级划分对我国高考选考科目等级设定的启示

Implications of the Grading Scheme of the PISA Science Assessment for the Selective Subject Tests in China’s College Entrance Examination

选考科目等级制定是高考改革的重要一环,可借鉴国际测评对其进一步完善。PISA科学素养测试结果以精熟度为报告形式,由等级描述和分数下限2部分组成,其中:等级描述内容的制定以科学素养和认知要求为依据;等级划分方法借助反应概率、等级宽度等关键变量构成标准参照评价。PISA科学测评等级划分对我国高考选考科目设定有2点启示:1)依据学科核心素养及其发展水平明确选考科目各个等级的意义;2)选择更为科学的等级划分方法,可考虑将选考科目转变为标准参照评价。

The grading scheme of selective subject tests is a critical part in the reform of the college entrance examination,which can be further improved by drawing implications from international experience in similar areas.PISA results on the science literacy assessment are reported in terms of proficiency,consisting of a grade description and the lower limit of the score.The development of the grade description is based on science literacy and cognitive needs.Meanwhile,the grading scheme,based on key variables such as response probability and the range of levels,translates the test into a criterion-referenced assessment.The grading scheme of the PISA science assessment has two implications for the comprehensive reform of China’s college entrance examination:1)Level descriptions of selective subject tests should be developed with reference to the key competencies of each discipline;2)The grading scheme should be further improved and a criterion-referenced approach should be considered for the design of selective subject tests.