南京市城市中小学生体育锻炼现状

Analysis of status of physical exercises among primary and middle school students in Nanjing City

目的了解南京市城市中小学生体育锻炼参与现状,为促进中小学生体质健康发展政策提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法选取江苏省南京市鼓楼、玄武、秦淮、浦口、雨花台、江宁6个城区14所中小学校4 161名学生进行体育锻炼参与行为的问卷调查。结果南京市中小学生学校体育锻炼中每周上体育课课时数≥3学时的学生占55.57%,每天参加学校组织大课间活动的学生占81.09%,每周课外体育活动≥3次的学生占23.19%,每天参与体育锻炼时间达到1 h的学生占13.96%,不同性别、学段学生学校体育锻炼项目差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为52.76,29.90,16.14,39.34;624.61,53.04,151.25,189.45,P值均<0.05)。家庭体育锻炼中有34.34%的家长支持并陪同学生进行体育锻炼,46.07%的家长支持学生体育锻炼但不陪同,14.83%的家长态度不明确,4.76%的家长不支持学生体育锻炼,14.32%的家庭制定体育锻炼计划。不同性别、学段学生家庭体育锻炼项目差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为42.72;229.44,26.43,P值均<0.01)。个人体育锻炼现况上有49.82%的学生掌握了3项及以上的运动技能,17.45%的学生参与体育培训班,仅有7.14%的学生周末锻炼;不同性别、学段学生体育锻炼参与行为现状差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为12.32,5.60,24.06;167.51,237.90,223.15,P值均<0.05)。结论南京市城市中小学生经常参与体育锻炼行为的报告率较低,需家校联动共同促进学生健康发展。

Objective To understand the current situation of physical exercise participation of primary and secondary school students in Nanjing, and to provide the reference for promoting the healthy development of physical fitness of primary and secondary school students. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, 4 161 students from 14 primary and secondary schools in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on their participation in physical exercise. Results Among the primary and secondary school students in Nanjing, 55.57% had more than three hours of physical education class per week, 81.09% of them participated in large class activities organized by the school every day, 23.19% of them participated in extracurricular sports activities more than three times a week, 13.96% of them participated in physical exercise for one hour every day,there were significant in physical exercise items among students of different stages(χ~2=52.76, 29.90, 16.14, 39.34;624.61, 53.04, 151.25, 189.45, P<0.05). 34.34% of the parents supported and accompanied their classmates in family physical exercise, 46.07% of parents supported students’ physical exercise but do not accompanied them, 14.83% of parents’ attitude was not clear, 4.76% of parents did not support students’ physical exercise, 14.32% of families made physical exercise plans;There were significant differences in family physical exercise items among students of different genders and stages(χ~2=42.72;229.44, 26.43, P<0.01). 49.82% of students had more than three sports skills in personal physical exercise, 17.45% of students participated in physical training classes, only 7.14% of students participated in physical exercise weekly. There were genders and stages differences in the current situation of students’ participation in physical exercise(χ~2=12.32, 5.60, 24.06;167.51, 237.90, 223.15, P<0.05). Conclusion In Nanjing, the reporting rate of regular participation in physical exercise among primary and secondary school students is low, and family-school interaction is needed to promote the healthy development of students.