论明清四部长篇小说中的悲剧性

On the Tragicalness of the Four Classical Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期出现的《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》,其情节内容各个特殊,但在主题上却有很大的相通性,即书中的主要人物各自从历史潮流中汲取动机,皆因外在的社会历史因素的制约,或个人性格的决定,在命运遭遇上受到反面势力的阻挡和破坏,或被强制、被镇压、被闲置、被扼杀等等,不能实现原初的理想目的追求,其人则不得其愿,以致成为历史进步要求与生存自由的殉道者。小说以多种人物各自不同的失败和死亡的悲剧性结局,向世人展示了多重的历史经验教训,因而也特别为世人所关注,成为深寓人生启示并家喻户晓的文学经典。

The four classics,namely The Three Kingdoms,Heroes of the Marshes,A Journey to the West,and A Dream of Red Mansions,are the creation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The contents and plots of each have their own features while their themes have great connectivity,i.e.it’s because of social and historical conditions or personal characters that the main characters in the books are motivated by the historical trends.They are resisted,harmed or compelled,suppressed,set aside,stifled,and so on by the negative forces;they are unable to achieve the original goal and fulfill their wishes,thus becoming martyrs for the historical progress and freedom of life.These novels end with different tragic endingslike failures or death,showing the multiple historical experiences and lessons.Therefore,special attention has been paid to the four novels,and they have become classics of enlightenment and known to every household.