贵州黔东南苗族聚落仪式与公共空间研究

Study on the Interaction between Ritual and Public Space in Miao Settlement,Southeast Guizhou

位于黔东南山地地区的苗族聚落因其特殊的地貌形态和文化渊源,形成了各类与平原聚落不同的、极具特色的公共空间。论文通过文献研究与实地走访调查,总结黔东南苗族聚落中的公共空间类型与特色,并探究其由内在的文化联系而形成的序列结构。黔东南苗族聚落的公共空间可分为生产空间、交通空间和仪式空间三类,其中仪式空间最具特色。黔东南苗族聚落的公共空间布局灵活自由,形态因地制宜;各类公共空间为鼓藏节、招龙节等重要仪式活动提供场所,作为历史的象征连通古今;模拟历史演变的仪式活动串联起各类公共空间,形成连通村落内外、村落之间的公共空间序列,对民族文化的传承和构建起到积极作用。

Due to the special landforms and cultural origins,the Miao settlements located in the mountainous area of southeastern Guizhou have formed different kinds of public spaces with different characteristics from the settlements in plain areas. Through literature research and field investigation, this paper summarizes the types and characteristics of public space in the Miao settlement in southeastern Guizhou, and explores the sequence structure formed by the internal cultural connection. The public space of the Miao settlement in southeastern Guizhou can be divided into three categories: production space, traffic space and ritual space. The ritual space is the most distinctive. The layout of the public space of the Miao nationality in southeastern Guizhou is flexible, and the form is adapted to local conditions. All kinds of public spaces provide places for important ceremonial activities such as the Guzang Festival and the Zhaolong Festival. They serve as a symbol of history to connect the ancient and the modern. The ritual activities simulating historical evolution connect all kinds of public spaces, form the public space sequence connecting the inside and outside of the villages. These activities play a positive role in the inheritance and construction of national culture.