北部湾涠洲岛浮游植物群落组成与变化特征

Phytoplankton Community Composition and Change Characteristics on Weizhou Island,Beibu Gulf

为了解涠洲岛浮游植物群落组成与变化特征,该文综述了近30年涠洲岛赤潮事件、浮游植物群落组成等相关研究,发现涠洲岛附近海域浮游植物的种类和数量呈增加趋势,从20世纪90年代的87种增长到2008年的约155种,平均密度则增长了3.6~4.3倍。目前共记录约有4门155种浮游植物,其中蓝藻门2属5种,硅藻门41属127种,甲藻门9属22种,定鞭藻门1属1种。优势种有细弱海链藻(Thalassiosira subtilis)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)、红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、洛氏角毛藻(C.lorenzianus)等。而在155种浮游植物中,赤潮物种有67种,潜在有毒赤潮生物为10种,分别是红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)、铁氏束毛藻(T.thiebautii)、柔弱拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)、尖刺拟菱形藻(P.pungens)、具尾鳍藻(Dinophysis caudata)、倒卵形鳍藻(D.fortii)、勇士鳍藻(D.miles)、具毒冈比甲藻(Gambierdiscus toxicus)、链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)。涠洲岛附近海域浮游植物时空变化特征为平均密度春季高于秋季,近岸高于远岸,南面/南面偏西方向海域的浮游植物生物量较高。

In order to understand the composition and variation characteristics of phytoplankton community on Weizhou Island,the studies of red tide events and phytoplankton community composition on Weizhou Island in the recent 30 years were reviewed.The species of phytoplankton in the waters near Weizhou Island increased from 87 species in 1990 sto 155 species in 2008,and the average density increased by 3.6~4.3 times.So far,there are approximately 155 species of phytoplankton in 4 phyla,including 2 genera of Cyanophyta(5 species),41 genera of Bacillariophyta(127 species),9 genera of Dinophyta(22 species),and 1 genus of Haptophyta(1 species).The dominant species are Thalassiosira subtilis,Phaeocystis globosa,Trichodesmium erythraeum,Thalassionema nitzschioides,Chaetoceros curvisetus and C.lorenzianus.There are sixty seven species previously reported to form red tide in Chinese waters,ten of them belongs to the potential toxic red tide organisms,namely,Trichodesmium erythraeum,T.thiebautii,Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima,P.pungens,Dinophysis caudata,D.doryphorum,D.fortii,Gambierdiscus toxicus,Gymnodinium catenatumand Phaeocystis globosa.The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of phytoplankton in the waters near Weizhou Island are as follows:the average density is higher in spring than in autumn,and in the nearshore is higher than in the offshore;the biomass of phytoplankton is higher in the south/south to the west than the other areas.