基于韧性理念的海岸带生态修复规划方法及应用

Application of ecological restoration and planning based on resilience thinking in coastal areas

生态修复是海岸带空间规划的重要组成部分,而韧性理念中有关规划—吸收—恢复—适应的演化规律对于海岸带生态修复具有重要的指导意义。以沙化较为典型的海南木兰湾海岸带区域为例,开展海岸带国土空间生态修复规划的方法及应用研究,基于沙化脆弱性和生态系统服务的空间耦合分析划分不同类型空间,并分区制定生态修复规划方案。研究结果表明:(1)沙化脆弱性高的区域主要是旱地和沙地,面积达21.8%,生态系统服务高的区域主要是林地、水域、湿地,面积达67.5%。(2)重建修复区主要位于鱼塘、旱地一带,占总面积的16.4%;人工辅助修复区主要位于旱地以及迎风面一带,面积达5.5%;适度开发区多为基本完全沙化区域,面积为15.8%。相关评估结果和生态修复规划方案能够揭示生态系统各关键因子之间的胁迫—响应机理,为海岸带沙化区域的生态修复及恢复提供科学支撑。

Adaptive characteristics of a resilient system(plan-absorb-recover-adapt)provide supports for ecological restoration and guidances for coastal spatial planning.In this research,we took coastal area of Mulanwan in Hainan province as a case study to estimate desertification mitigation and adaptation based on resilience theory.We developed a methodology of land spatial planning according to the analysis of vulnerability and ecosystem services in our study area.Our results show that:(1)Dry land and sand(21.8% of the total area)were identified as high vulnerability area,forests,water and wetlands(67.5% of the total area)were classified as areas with high ecosystem services;(2)Redeveloping restoration areas were mainly identified in fishing ponds and dry lands(16.4% of the total area),artificial restoration area was located on dry land and windward side(5.5% of the total area),and conservative zone was mainly covered by sands(15.8% of the total area).System’s responses to human-related and environmental pressures can be characterized by overlapping the maps of vulnerability and ecosystem services,which addresses the integrated management and resilient restoration in coastal areas.