生物与化学农药对早稻主要病害绿色防控技术初探

Preliminary Study on Green Control Technology of Biological and Chemical Pesticides on Main Diseases of Early Rice

[目的]明确生物与化学农药对大田早稻主要病害绿色防控的效果。[方法]利用3个生防菌剂、2个生物和7个化学杀菌剂组成的6个组合用药方案对湘早籼45全生育期主要病害进行防控。[结果]使用25%咪鲜胺EC拌种对烂秧死苗防效达92.48%,秧苗叶瘟防效达100%;使用生防菌发酵液拌种具有一定的促生作用。生防菌JN369在水稻分蘖期对稻纹枯病防效高达94.97%;全生育期使用24%己唑·嘧菌酯SC与JN005交替使用防治稻纹枯病的效果在85%~95%之间。生防菌JN369、JN005对穗瘟防效为50%~60%。从测产结果分析,各处理较对照都有不同程度的增产,增产幅度在45.46%~137.71%之间;采用生物、化学杀菌剂交替使用的处理产量最高,达6447.3 kg/hm^2,比全程使用化学杀菌剂防治增产约20%;采用生防菌与生物杀菌剂处理的产量为5063.7 kg/hm^2,与全程使用化学杀菌剂防治的产量相当;移栽前施"送嫁药"的方案减少约40%的农药用量,产量为4477.05 kg/hm^2。[结论]生防菌与化学杀菌剂或生物杀菌剂交替使用对水稻病害的控害效果明显,且对环境友好,可进一步示范推广。

[Aims]This study aims to clarify the effect of green control technology of biological and chemical pesticides on controlling major rice diseases in early rice.[Methods]6 Combination treatments including 3 biocontrol bacterial agents,2 biological and 7 chemical fungicides were used to control major diseases of early rice,Xiangzaoxian45 during the whole growth period.[Results]The results showed that the control effect of prochloraz 25% EC on rotten seedlings and dead seedlings at seedling stage was 92.48% and on leaf blast was 100%.The fermentation liquid of the above bio-control bacterial applied as seed dressing had certain promoting growth effect on seedling of Xiangzaoxian45.The effect of biocontrol JN369 on sheath blight at tillering stage was 94.97%,while the effect of hexaconazole azoxystrobine 24% SC and JN005 used alternately on rice sheath blight during the whole growth period was between85 and 95%.And the efficacy of JN369 and JN005 on panicle blast reached 50-60%.According to the analysis of yield test results,each treatment had different degree of yield enhance compared with the control,with the yield increase range was between 45.46 and 137.71%.The treatment of biological and chemical fungicides used alternately hold the highest yield of 6447.3 kg/ha,which was about 20% higher than that of chemical fungicides in the rice whole period.The yield of both fermentation liquid of the biocontrol bacterial and biological fungicide treatment was 5063.7 kg/ha,which was equivalent to one of chemical fungicides in the rice whole period.The application treatment before transplanting was able to reduce about 40% in the total pesticide consumption,and the yield was 4477.05 kg/ha.[Conclusions]The use of biocontrol bacteria,chemical fungicides or biological fungicides alternately has obvious effects on rice disease control and is environmentally friendly,which will further be proved by demonstration and promotion.