黄河三角洲蓝色农业绿色发展模式与途径的思考

Study on Green Development Model and Approach of Blue Agriculture in the Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲位于渤海西部沿海,是陆地与海洋互动最活跃的地区之一,也是我国三大河口三角洲之一。该地区拥有我国暖温带最完整、最广阔、最年轻的湿地生态系统和丰富的生物资源,在调节气候、消减外源污染、恢复水陆生态交错带功能等方面发挥着重要作用。近年来,随着黄河三角洲地区的快速发展,入海水沙持续减少、湿地面积严重萎缩、互花米草入侵等问题日益凸显。文章在总结分析该地区发展现状的基础上,提出了按照"生态保护优先、自然修复为主""因水制宜""多元深度融合""空间布局合理"等发展思路,建立"生态农牧化""渔旅融合""渔能融合""三产融合"等发展模式,以期实现黄河三角洲地区蓝色农业的绿色高质量发展。

The Yellow River Delta is located on the west coast of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the regions with the most active interaction between land and ocean, and one of the three major estuary deltas in China. This region has the most complete, the most extensive, the youngest wetland ecosystem and abundant biological resources in China’s warm zone. It plays an important role in regulating the climate, reducing exogenous pollution, restoring amphibious ecological ecotone, and other functions. In recent years, with the rapid development of the Yellow River Delta region, problems such as the continuous reduction of inflow seawater and sediment, the serious shrinkage of wetland areas, and the invasion of Spartina alterniflora Loisel, have become increasingly prominent. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the development status of this region, we proposed four development concepts: ecological protection priority, adapt to local water conditions, deep integration of multiple elements, and reasonable spatial layout, then, suggested four development models: ecological farm and ranch, integrated development of fishery and tourism, integrated development of fishery and energy industry, and linkage of three kinds of industrial models, with a view to achieving green development of blue agriculture in the Yellow River Delta.