礼仪龙舟:变迁与传承——一个县域龙舟竞渡长盛不衰的历史人类学研究

Change and Inheritance of Etiquette Dragon Boat: A Historical Anthropological Study of a County’s Longstanding Traditional Dragon Boat Race

在"文化三因子"理论框架下,运用历史人类学的方法对一个县域龙舟竞渡文化的时空变迁进行考察,并以此个案为基础,进一步探讨中国龙舟竞渡文化的发展趋势和传承动力。研究认为:中国龙舟竞渡文化将呈现以下发展趋势:物质文化将向多样化的社团娱乐工具转变;制度文化将形成多元化的社团龙舟制度;精神文化将形成多元化社团龙舟的礼仪竞技精神。但在其变迁中,礼仪经济始终是中国龙舟竞渡文化共同的经济基础,"礼仪"是贯穿各时期龙舟竞渡文化变迁共同的、核心的文化基因。基于以上认识,进而认为中国传统龙舟即礼仪龙舟,"礼仪竞技"是民间传统龙舟竞渡长盛不衰的内在动力。

Under the theoretical framework of "Cultural Three Factor", this paper adopted the historical anthropological method to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of the traditional dragon boat race in a county. It explored the development trend and inheriting motive on dragon boat race in China. The result showed that the Chinese dragon boat race culture would present the following development trends. Material culture would be transformed into diversified community entertainment tools. System culture would form diversified community dragon boat system. Spiritual culture would form diversified community dragon boat etiquette competitive spirit. In its vicissitudes, etiquette economy was the common economic basis of dragon boat race culture in different periods. Etiquette was the common and core cultural gene throughout the cultural changes of dragon boat race. Based on the above understanding, the traditional dragon boat was the ceremonial dragon boat, "etiquette competition" was the internal driving force of dragon boat race.