生物特征识别信息商业应用的中国立场与制度进路——鉴于欧美法律模式的比较评价

China’s Position and Institutional Approach to the Commercial Application of Biometric Information--In View of the Comparative Evaluation of European and American Law Models

针对生物特征识别信息的唯一识别作用及其经济价值,法律应合理平衡公民数据安全与生物技术产业发展、公共管理效益、个人生活便利之间的多方利益冲突,并同时促进生物识别技术的创新发展。由此,在个人信息分级分类保护制度建设中,生物特征识别信息有其专门的规则构建路径,包括规范文件形式、文本整体框架、具体规制对象、技术保护要求、技术工具监管等方面。关于生物特征识别信息的收集与应用的具体规则设计,我国制度建构进路应围绕四个维度探讨:一是法律规范体系的结构化安排;二是规制框架的样本参照方案;三是立法内容的多维规制层面,涉及企业安全责任、市场交易规范、信息主体权利等方面;四是提前的司法救济模式。

In view of the unique identification function of biometric information and its economic value,legislation system should reasonably balance the multi-interest conflicts between data security and the development of biotechnology industry, the benefit of social management and the convenience of personal life, with the innovative development of biometric technology. Therefore, in the establishment of classified personal information protection system, biometric information has its own legislative orientation, including the form of regulation document, the overall framework of text, specific regulation objects, technical protection requirements, technical tool supervision and other aspects. As for the specific rule design of the collection and application of biometric information, the approach of China’s institutional construction should be discussed in four aspects: first, the structural arrangement of the legal norm system;Second, the sample reference scheme of the regulatory framework;The third is the multi-dimensional regulation level of the legislative content, involving the security responsibility, market transaction, information subject rights and other aspects;Fourth, the preventative judicial relief mode.