图像学视角下妈祖像北传山东的在地化研究

The Study on the Localization of Mazu Image in Shandong Province from the Perspective of Iconology

源自福建的妈祖信仰,一度凭借官方推动和信众的口口相传,遍布中国甚至海外。妈祖像包括图像和塑像,是妈祖信仰观念的视觉化呈现。北传山东以后,妈祖信仰在遵循其母题基本要义进行标准化形像塑造的前提下,要成为一种具有持续生命力的信仰符号,就必须满足不同时期政权统治的需要、顺应不同地区民众的信仰需要,并与当地民风民俗、民间信仰、传统宗教、造像技艺等因素相融合,从而呈现出多元化的在地化图像特征。这种在地化现象在祭祀行为、供奉格局、口头叙事等方面都有所体现,但首先体现在视觉化的妈祖图像和塑像形式中。

Mazu belief,originated from Fujian Province,once spread all over China and even overseas through official promotion and word-of-mouth communication of believers.The image of Mazu includes image and statue,which is the visual presentation of Mazu’s belief.In order to become a kind of belief symbol with sustained vitality on the premise of building a standardized image and following the basic meaning of its motif,after its spread to Shandong in the north,the belief must meet the needs of the government in different periods,conform to the belief needs of the people in different regions,and integrate with the local folk customs,folk beliefs,traditional religions,and image making skills.For this,the image of Mazu shows a variety of local image characteristics.This phenomenon of localization is reflected in sacrificial behavior,sacrificial pattern,oral narration and other aspects,but it is first reflected in the visual image and statue form of Mazu.