北周“五府总于天官”考释

A Study on"Tianguan Leading Five Prefectures"in the Northern Zhou Dynasty

五府总于天官是北周时期产生的一种非正常权力象征称号,本质上是官职的特殊形式,显现出北周皇权由衰弱到强化、再到衰弱的历史变化,并从中折射宇文护和杨坚在臣僚中的特殊地位。宇文护以五府总于天官进行个人的相权超越皇权行为遭到失败,而杨坚以五府总于天官的方式成功代周建隋,获得拥护。这样的结局一是源于二人的个人作用,二是天官在历史形成过程中带给人们特有的观念。

Tianguan Leading Five Prefectures is a symbol of abnormal power generated in the Northern Zhou Dynasty,which is essentially a special form of official position.It shows the historical change of the imperial power in the Northern Zhou Dynasty from weak to strengthened,then to weak,and reflects the special status of Yu Wenhu and Yang Jian in the officials.Yu Wenhu's act of surpassing the imperial power with Tianguan Leading Five Prefectures was defeated,while Yang Jian succeeded in replacing Zhou Jiansui by Tianguan Leading Five Prefectures and won support.Such an outcome is derived from the personal role of the two people,and the unique concept of Tianguan brought to people in the process of historical formation.