肠道菌群与2型糖尿病

Gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus

T2DM是常见的临床慢性病和多因素代谢性疾病,由遗传和环境因素共同作用,其基本特征是IR和胰岛β细胞功能缺陷。肠道菌群作为人体最大的微生态系统,与宿主共生,保持动态平衡,维持正常的生理过程,一旦失衡,肠道菌群的结构及功能则发生改变,引发肥胖、IR等病理生理改变,最终导致T2DM发生。主要机制是通过慢性炎症、短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸代谢及营养代谢参与T2DM的发生发展。本文对肠道菌群与T2DM的发生发展进行评述。

Clinically,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a common,chronic and multifactor metabolic disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors.The basic characteristics of T2DM are insulin resistance(IR)and islet β cell dysfunction.Gut microbiota,as the largest micro ecosystem in human body,coexists with the host,maintains a dynamic balance,and keep a normal physiological process.Once the imbalance occurs,the structure and function of gut microbiota will change,leading to obesity,IR and other pathophysiological changes,eventually cause T2DM.Chronic inflammation,short chain fatty acids,bile acid and nutritional metabolism were all involved in the progression of T2DM.This article reviews the occurrence and development between gut microbiota and T2DM.