覆膜侧播种植模式对小麦产量和水分利用及灌浆速率的影响

Effects of Side-seeding Pattern with Film Mulching on the Yield,Water Use and Grain Filling Rate of Wheat

为探明不同覆膜侧播种植模式的增产机理,以沧麦6005为材料,研究了不同种植模式对冬小麦产量及产量结构、水分利用率及灌浆速率的影响。结果表明:F2处理(起垄覆膜,垄宽45 cm,沟宽45 cm,沟内种4行,行距15 cm)的产量最高,显著高于CK(露地等行距平播),增产21.95%。F2处理的平均穗粒数16.83穗,显著高于CK37.95%;其土壤水分利用率最高,显著高于其他覆膜处理和CK;其灌浆速率高峰均出现在花后19 d,为2.16 g/d,而CK的灌浆速率于开花后16 d即达到最高,为2.08 g/d。F2处理比CK增产主要在于穗粒数的增加,而比其他覆膜侧播处理增产主要在于穗数和穗粒数的增加。F2处理增加土壤贮水量,提高水分利用效率,减少水分蒸发损失,促进小麦生长和产量增加;同时覆膜后可延长灌浆期,促使灌浆速率达到高峰时间延迟。F2是本研究中的最佳覆膜侧播种植方式。

In order to find out the yield increase mechanism of different planting modes of mulching with film and side-seeding,Cangmai 6005 was used as experimental material to study the effects of six planting patterns on yield,yield composition,water use efficiency and grain filling rate of winter wheat.The results showed that F2 treatment(ridge mulching,ridge width 45 cm,groove width 45 cm,planting 4 rows in the ditch,row spacing 15 cm)has the highest yield,increased significantly by 21.95% compared to CK(open field,etc.).The average grain number per spike in F2 was 16.83,which was 37.95% higher than that of CK,significantly.The soil moisture use rate of F2 treatment was the highest,which was significantly higher than other film treatment and CK.The peak filling rate of F2 treatment occurred at 19 d after flowering,which was 2.16 g/d.The filling rate of CK reached the highest at 16 d after flowering,which was 2.08 kg/d.The yield of F2 treatment was higher than that of CK mainly due to the increase of grain number per spike,while which was due to the increase of both spike number and grain number per spike compared with other film mulching and side sowing treatments.F2 treatment increased soil water storage,improved water use efficiency,reduced water evaporation loss and promoted wheat growth and yield increase.Meanwhile,the grain filling time was extended after mulching with film,which can delay the peak time of filling rate.F2 treatment is the best side-sowing planting with film mulching method in the study.