农业工程科技创新推进农业绿色发展

Innovation in agricultural engineering and technology to accelerate green development of agriculture

农业绿色发展是农业发展观的一场深刻革命。该文全面论述了农业工程科技创新对农业绿色发展的重要作用,深入分析了中国在农业资源利用、产地环境治理、生态系统保育和农产品绿色供给等方面取得的成效和存在的问题。提出了围绕农业绿色发展,农业资源监测、水土资源利用、农业投入品使用、农业机械化和农业废弃物资源利用等农业工程科技创新的前沿进展和主攻方向。从强化农业绿色发展理念、建立技术创新与推广体系、完善标准体系和加强政策支持4个方面提出了政策建议。该文可为农业绿色发展背景下农业工程科技研发提供重要的指导和参考。

Green development of agriculture is a profound revolution in the concept of agricultural development and the inevitable course to achieve sustainable development of agriculture in China.This study reviewed the roles and challenges of agricultural engineering and technology on green development of agriculture and proposed the near future directions.The level of protection and utilization of agricultural water and soil resources in China has gradually increased,and the utilization rate of agricultural waste such as crop straws,animal manure,and agricultural membranes has increased greatly.However,problems such as water shortages and arable land degradation are serious.The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for food crops has been increasing year by year.However,the problems of excessive application of pesticides,and external pollution still need to be resolved.In the field of agricultural ecological protection and construction,a series of projects such as soil and water conservation,returning farmland to forests and grasses had been carried out and results were delightful.However,high-intensity and extensive production methods have caused problems such as the structural imbalance in agricultural ecosystems and functional degradation.The level of quality and safety of agricultural products in China has gradually improved.However,issues such as pesticide residues,resistance gene residues,and heavy metal pollution in a few regions are still not optimistic.To resolve these problems,this paper proposed possible technological innovation in agricultural engineering serving green agrarian development:1)In the field of agricultural resource monitoring,the further research should focus on core technologies of monitoring,evaluation,and early warning analysis of cultivated land quality,biological resources,production environment,non-point source pollution,and land carrying capacity so as to build decision-making systems that could integrate real-time monitoring,remote diagnosis,early warning,emergency prevention and control,and command and dispatch.2)In the field of utilization of water and soil resources,the future study should enhance the use efficiency of agricultural water resources by developing water-saving equipments,establish efficient water-saving modes,improve the efficiency of land resource utilization by focusing on construction of farmland ecosystems and rehabilitation of farmland pollution.3)In regard to agricultural inputs,the focus should be on the transformation of fertilization application methods,the application of new fertilizer technologies,as well as high-yield and efficient fertilization technologies for crops.In regard to pesticide reduction and control,the key was to develop in-situ intelligent nutrient detection,enhance fertilizer reduction and efficiency based on fertilizer application limit standards,accelerate the revision of organic fertilizer industry standards,promote the use of new fertilizer products,and develop fertilizer reductions for different crops in different regions.4)In terms of agricultural mechanization,the main direction of the future research was to focus on fields such as large-scale field planting,facility agriculture,cash crops and aquaculture of livestock and poultry,and resource-saving agricultural machinery,straw return to the field,intelligent agricultural equipment sensors,agricultural machinery navigation,and precision operations.5)In terms of agrarian waste resource utilization,the next work should explore the theoretical system of agricultural waste resources recycling,biological transformation and pollutant removal mechanisms,and develop equipments related to returning crop straws to the field,maturation of anaerobic fermentation,pyrolysis carbonization,and collection and storage of agricultural waste resources and so on.This paper put forward to policy suggestions from 4 aspects:strengthening the concept of green agricultural development,establishing a technological innovation and extension system,improving the construction of a standard order and strengthening policy support.It is hoped to provide meaningful guidance for further improving China's agricultural engineering technology innovation level and promoting green agrarian development.