美国中亚战略调整及地区政策走向

The Adjustment and Trend of US’s Central Asia Strategy

2020年2月公布的美国新版中亚战略,宣称“着眼于促进中亚地区的独立与繁荣”,实质是特朗普时期美国脱困阿富汗、巩固地区影响和加强遏制中俄的中亚战略的总结,也是冷战结束以来美国中亚战略的继承与发展。在过去30年中,美国的地区战略调整经历了冷战格局结束之初的力量真空期、“9·11”事件后全球反恐联盟的大发展时期、阿富汗撤军背景下的战略“再平衡”时期,以及面向大国竞争的地区战略新时期四个阶段。不同时期的美国中亚战略注重多领域政策途径的开辟与战略手段运用,无论利用反恐战机军事进入中亚地区,还是在阿富汗撤军条件下继续推进中亚战略的基本目标,均显示了美国政治、经济、外交和军事等各领域政策途径和战略手段的综合运用,地区战略目标的达成具有多领域、多途径和综合手段运用的突出特点。最新一轮的战略调整勾勒出美国中亚地区政策的基本走向,坚持政治改造、致力经济塑造、注重外交再平衡和加强军事战略预置是美国中亚政策走向的基本方面。

The new version of US’s Central Asian Strategy announced in February 2020shows that Trump attempts to get out from Afghanistan,consolidate its regional influence and strengthen the containment of China and Russia in Central Asia.It is the succession and development of the US’s Central Asian strategy since the end of the Cold War.In the past 30 years,the US’s regional strategy has experienced four periods:(1)power vacuum soon after the end of the Cold War;(2)the great development of the global counter-terrorism alliance after 911;(3)strategic re-balancing in the context of withdrawal from Afghanistan;(4)the new era of regional strategy facing the competition of great powers.The US’s Central Asian strategy in different periods shows its comprehensive utilization of policy approaches and strategic means in various fields such as politics,economy,diplomacy,and military,and its regional strategic goals features multi-domain,multi-path and comprehensive means.The latest round of strategic adjustment outlines the basic trend of US’s Central Asian policy,which are adhering to political transformation,committing to economic shaping,emphasizing diplomatic re-balancing,and strengthening the preset of military arrangement.