黄金尾矿建材化利用的研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospects for the Utilization of Gold Tailings as Building Materials

随着黄金开采技术的不断发展,矿山开采规模不断扩大,尾矿堆存量日益增加。黄金尾矿含有80%以上的硅铝氧化物等无机矿物,其组分接近许多建材产品的原料成分,添加少量的辅助剂可实现黄金尾矿建材化利用,具有可观的经济价值和良好的发展前景。从典型黄金尾矿的主要成分及特点入手,总结了黄金尾矿制砖、水泥、地聚合物、混凝土及陶瓷等传统建材的研究现状,概述了制备微晶玻璃、轻质陶粒及泡沫陶瓷等高附加值绿色建材的研发技术,分析了黄金尾矿制备建材方面可能存在的问题并提出了相应建议,指出未来不仅要继续提高和完善现有的以有价元素回收为主的多元综合回收利用技术,大规模推广工业化生产应用,而且还要加强黄金尾矿建材的高值化应用研究,实现黄金尾矿真正的减量化、无害化、资源化。

With the development of gold mining technology and extension of mineral mines scale,the storage of tailings increase gradually.Gold tailings contain more than 80%inorganic minerals,such as silicon and aluminum oxides,and component of the tailings is close to the raw materials of many building materials.Adding a small amount of auxiliary agents can realize the building materials utilization of gold tailings,which has considerable economic value and good development prospects.The traditional building materials such as bricks,cement,geopolymer,concrete and ceramic prepared by gold tailings were summarized after the analysis of main conponent and characteristics of the typical gold tailing.Afterwards,the research and development technologies for the preparation of high value-added green building,such as glass-ceramics,lightweight ceramsite and foam ceramic materials were reviewed.The possible problems were analyzed and the corresponding suggestions were came up.In the end,it is pointed out that it’s meaningful to improve and perfect the existing comprehensive technology aiming at the recycle of valuable elements,and popularize large-scale industrialized production application.Furthermore,it’s also important to strengthen high value of application research of the gold tailings,which helps to achieve real reduction,harmlessization and reclamation.