山药化学成分与药理活性研究进展

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.

山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)的干燥根茎,具有补脾养胃、生津益肺、补肾涩精的功效。现代研究表明山药主要化学成分包括多糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸、山药素类化合物、尿囊素、微量元素、淀粉等。具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、调节脾胃、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等药理作用。通过查阅近年来国内外山药的研究报道,综述山药在种属来源、真伪鉴别、化学成分及药理作用方面的研究进展,以期为其药效物质基础、质量标准及药理活性的深入研究提供参考。

Rhizoma Dioscoreae,also known as Chinese yam,is the dry rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.,which has the functions of supplementing Spleen and fortifying Stomach,promoting the production of body fluid and nourishing Lungs,and invigorating Kidney and secure essence.Modern research shows that the main chemical constituents of Rhizoma Dioscoreae include polysaccharides,amino acids,fatty acids,batatasin and its analogues,allantoin,trace elements and starch.It has the pharmacological effects of reducing blood sugar and blood fat,anti-oxidation,regulating Spleen and Stomach,anti-tumor and immune regulation.By reviewing the domestic and foreign research reports about Rhizoma Dioscoreae in recent years,this study summarized the research progress of the herb in terms of the source of species,authenticity identification,chemical constituients and pharmacological activities,in order to provide references for further research on the basis substances of pharmacodynamic,quality standards and pharmacological activities.