回到马克思:对生产力——生产方式——生产关系原理再解读

Back to Marxism:Reinterpretation of the Principle of Productive Forces-Mode of Production-Productive Relations

对于社会发展究竟是否存在"生产力——生产方式——生产关系"原理,学术界分歧依然严重。除了"生产力——生产关系"原理的认知根深蒂固的原因外,分歧的主要原因之一是对马克思的手稿、书信和著作寻章摘句的论述方法,不足以征服反对者,因为反对者同样可以找到反证,这些反证不仅在马克思1846年12月28日致安年科夫的信中存在,在《哲学的贫困》中存在,而且在《政治经济学批判》(1861-1863年手稿)、《资本论》中同样存在。《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版(MEGA2)的"全面性、完整性、客观性、过程性"特征为重新解读"生产力——生产方式——生产关系"原理创造了条件。抛弃先入为主的错误观念,通过考证不难发现,唯物史观核心命题"生产力——生产方式——生产关系"贯穿于从《德意志意识形态》手稿到《资本论》的始终。正确理解关键范畴"生产方式"不仅可以消除"反证"问题,而且也助于从"生产力决定论"中走出。重新解读的"生产力——生产方式——生产关系"原理为新时代中国特色社会主义市场经济建设提供了方法论指导。

There is still huge disagreement in the academic community on whether the principle of"productive forces-mode of production-productive relations"exists in social development.In addition to the deep-rooted cognitionof the principle of"productive forces-productive relations",one of the main reasons for the differences is that the discussion method of selecting passages and choosing phrases from Marx’s manuscripts,letters,and works cannot persuade opponents,who can also find counter-evidence,which exists in Marx’s letter to Anniankov on December 28,1846,the Poverty of Philosophy,the Critique of Political Economy(manuscript from 1861 to 1863)and the Das Kapital.The characteristics of"comprehensiveness,completeness,objectivity,and process-oriented"of the historical textual research version of The Complete Works of Marx and Engels(MEGA2)have created conditions for reinterpreting the principle of"productive forces-mode of production-productive relations".If we abandon the preconceivedmiseoneeptions,it is not difficult to find thorough investigation that the"productive forces-mode of production-productive relations",?which is the core proposition of historical materialism,ran through the whole process from the manuscript of The CJerman Ideology to Das Kapital.C.orrectly understanding the key category of"mode of production"can not only eliminate the problem of"counter-evidence",but also break through the"theory of determinism of productive forces".The reinterpretation of the principle of"productive forces-mode of production-productive relations"provides methodological guidance for the construction of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era.