周王室东迁新探

A New Probe into the Eastward Migration of Zhou Royal Court

两周之际周王室的东迁是一个重要却又模糊的问题,我们认为,西周后期周人失去了与戎狄交通线上的战略据点,导致门户洞开,而与戎狄同处西北的申人则在幽王即位后同周人的矛盾不断升级,周王室为应对来自西北的一系列问题而在西周晚期就开始筹划东迁。这一进程为幽王同申人之间爆发的战争打断,幽王死后,平王的即位一波三折,而其最终获得诸侯支持并将东迁提上日程则已是数年之后。

The eastward migration of the Chou royal family in the period between West and East Chou Dynasty is an important but insufficiently researched problem.This paper holds that Chou people lost their strategic position on the communication line with Rongdi in the late Western Chou Dynasty,which left an undefended gateway to West Chou’s territory.Meanwhile,Shen people,who inhabbited along with Rongdi in the northwest region,was in constant contradiction with Chou people after King Youwang ascending the throne.Facing a series of problems from the northwest,the Chou royal family planned to move eastward in the late Western Chou Dynasty.However,this process was interrupted by the war between King Youwang and Shen people.After King Youwang's death,King Pingwang's ascension to the throne went through twists and turns.It costed several years for King Pingwang to win support from vassal states,and finally put the eastward migration on the agenda.