固定化微生物技术在富营养化水体修复中的应用

Application of Immobilized Microorganism Technology for the Biotreatment of Eutrophic Water

富营养化不仅影响水环境质量,而且破坏水生态平衡,对环境和人类健康造成危害。固定化微生物技术是利用物理或化学方法将游离微生物细胞限制在一定空间区域内,既能免受流水冲刷流失,可重复循环利用,又能保持生物活性,有效去除水体中的污染物,因此该技术被认为是控制水体富营养化的有效方法。该研究介绍了固定化微生物技术的特点及其在富营养化水体处理中的应用现状,综述了传统及新型固定化载体的选择及发展、降解和去除氮磷污染物的微生物种类以及常用固定化方法(吸附、包埋、共价结合、交联等)的优缺点。最后,针对当前微生物固定化技术面临的挑战,对今后的研究和发展方向提出了建议。该综述可为固定化微生物技术应用于各类废水处理提供参考。

Eutrophication not only affects the quality of water environment,but also destroys water ecological balance,which are hazardous to the environment and human health.The immobilized microorganism technology is the use of physical or chemical methods to confine free microbial cells within a spatial region.With this technology the free microbial cells can be protected from running water,can be recycled,and their biological activity can be maintained,and the pollutants can be effectively removed from water.Therefore,it is considered as an effective method to control eutrophication of water bodies.In this paper,the characteristics of immobilized microorganism technology and its application status in eutrophic water treatment were introduced.The selection and development of traditional and new immobilization carrier,the types of microorganisms that degrade and remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants,and the advantages and problems of existing immobilization methods(adsorption,entrapment,encapsulation,covalent binding,cross linking etc.)were reviewed.Some suggestions for future research and developing directions are proposed.This review can provide a reference for the application of immobilization technology to various types of wastewater biotreatment.