织造技艺非遗传承老龄化问题与年轻态传播策略

Ageing of inheritors of weaving techniques as intangible cultural heritage and youth-targeted communication strategies

为了推动以织造技艺为代表的非物质文化遗产(简称"非遗")的创造性转化和创新性发展,非遗的年轻态传承至关重要。采用数据分析、田野考察、人物访谈、案例研究、问卷调查等研究方法,对中国的织造技艺非遗传承现状进行了研究。通过调查全国与织造技艺相关的38项国家级非遗代表性项目和46名国家级非遗代表性传承人发现:传承人年龄均在50岁以上且平均为67岁;省、市级地方代表性传承人也存在严重的老龄化现象;织造技艺非遗项目呈现产品老龄化、产能衰微、传播方式难以吸引年轻群体等问题。针对国家需求和年轻人的认知缺失,提出了产品年轻态、传播方式年轻态、构建非遗保护生态圈、宣扬家国情怀这四种年轻态传播策略,以促进织造技艺的传承与创新。

The youth-targeted intangible cultural heritage(ICH)inheritance is of great importance to promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of ICH represented by weaving techniques.The inheriting status of weaving techniques as ICH is studied with the following methods,including data analysis,field study,interview,case study and questionnaire survey.The findings of survey on 38 national representative ICH projects related to weaving techniques and 46 national-level ICH inheritors show that all the inheritors are older than 50 and at the age of 67 on average;provincial-level and municipal-level representative inheritors also are faced with a severe aging problem;and the ICH projects of weaving techniques have the following problems,namely aging of products,production decline and unappealing communication ways.Considering the national needs and cognition deficiency of the youth group,four youth-targeted communication strategies are proposed in this study,including youth-targeted products,youth-targeted communication ways,ecological environment construction for ICH protection and patriotism publicity,so as to promote the inheritance and innovation of weaving techniques.