2014-2018年凉山州手足口病流行病学和病原学分析

Epidemiological and Etiological Characteristics of Hand-foot-mouth Disease in Liangshan Prefecture From 2014 to 2018

目的了解2014-2018年凉山州手足口病的发病情况和流行趋势,为制定凉山州手足口病防控措施提供依据。方法用描述性方法对2014-2018年凉山州手足口病进行分析。结果2014-2018年凉山州报告手足口病17266例,年均发病率为74.02/10万;重症病例179例占总数的1.04%;死亡2例,病死率为0.01%。4-6月和11-12月为发病高峰。存在明显的地区差异,发病率沿108国道、成昆铁路向周边地区递减。男女性别比为1.40∶1。发病年龄主要分布在≤5岁儿童,占病例总数的95.26%;病例以散居儿童为主,占病例总数的75.81%。实验室确诊419例,其中普通病例375例,重症病例44例。实验室确诊病例中,病原构成EV-A71占27.21%、CV-A16占29.83%、其他肠道病毒占42.96%。结论凉山州应在手足口病高发季节对重点人群和重点地区采取针对性防控措施,加强病原学监测。

Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic trend of hand-foot-mouth disease in Liangshan Prefecture from 2014 to 2018 in order to provide evidence for the prevention and control measures of hand-foot-mouth disease in Liangshan Prefecture.Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Liangshan Prefecture from 2014 to 2018.Results From 2014 to 2018,17266 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported in Liangshan Prefecture,with an average annual incidence rate of 74.02/105,and 179 severe cases accounted for1.04%of the total cases.Two cases died,and the mortality rate was 0.01%.The peak incidence occurred from April to June and from November to December.Obvious regional differences of incidence were observed,with the incidence decreasing along the 108 National Highway and the Chengdu-Kunming Railway to the surrounding areas.The male to female ratio is1.40∶1.The age of onset was mainly distributed in children≤5 years old,accounting for 95.26%of the total number of cases.Further,the cases were mainly scattered in children,accounting for75.81%of the total number of cases.A total of 419 cases was diagnosed in the laboratory,including 375 cases of common cases and 44 cases of severe cases.Among the laboratory confirmed cases,the pathogen composition of EV-A71 accounted for 27.21%,CV-A16 accounted for 29.83%,and other enteric viruses accounted for 42.96%.Conclusion Liangshan Prefecture should take targeted prevention and control measures for key populations and key areas during the high season of hand-foot-mouth disease,and strengthen the monitoring of pathogens.