基于自组织特征映射网络方法的学生体质健康数据聚类分析

Cluster Analysis of Students'Physique Health Data Based on Self-Organizing Feature Mapping Network Method

目的:寻找体质健康测试各指标间复杂的、非线性的关系,为体育教学工作提供科学的技术支持。方法:将成都市某高校近3万名在校大学生体质健康数据分为男生组与女生组,运用自组织特征映射网络(Self-organizing feature Map,SOM)方法,对两组数据进行聚类分析。并以各类学生相同变量的均值作为权重,对不同变量值间变化趋势进行可视化表达。结果:分别将男女生测试数据聚为A、B、C、D四类。男生组中各类不同变量变化有迹可循,女生组中各类“各有所长”且变化趋势较为复杂。结论:(1)上肢和腰腹力量素质与柔韧素质间存在“此消彼长”现象。针对此现象,在体育教学中应在端正学生训练态度的同时,加强力量素质与柔韧素质的交叉性训练。(2)男学生群体中,力量素质对身体素质的影响最大。建议在训练中,注重以力量训练为起点,再辅以跑动能力的锻炼。(3)男女学生各项测试指标间变化情况存在较大差异。针对此情况,应注意男女学生之间采取差异化的训练方法。

Objective:To find the complex and non-linear relationships between the indicators of physique fitness test,and provide scientific technical support for physical education.Methods:The physique health data of nearly 30,000 college students in a university in Chengdu were divided into male and female groups.The Self-Organizing Feature Map(SOM)method was used to cluster the two groups of data.The mean value of the same variable of various students is used as the weight to visually express the change trend between different variable values.Results:The test data of boys and girls were clustered four categories:A,B,C and D.There are traces of changes in various variables in the boys’group.The various groups in the girls group have their own strengths,and the trend is more complicated.Conclusions:(1)The presence of the upper limbs and the waist and abdomen strength quality and flexibility quality trade-off phenomenon.In view of this phenomenon,in the physical education teaching,we should strengthen the cross-training of strength and flexibility while correcting the attitude of students training.(2)Among the male student groups,the quality of strength has the greatest impact on physical fitness.It is recommended to focus on strength training as a starting point in training,supplemented by exercise with running ability.(3)There is a big difference in the changes between the test indicators of male and female students.In view of this,attention should be paid to the adoption of differentiated training methods between male and female students.