基于红外相机技术调查佛坪国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性

Camera-trapping survey of mammals and birds in the Foping National Nature Reserve, China

2015年1月至2017年12月,在陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区57条巡护样线上布设130台红外相机,对兽类和鸟类多样性进行调查。累计相机工作日101,220天,共捕获独立有效事件36,100次,其中兽类独立照片30,563张,鸟类3,244张。共记录到野生兽类6目15科29种,相对多度较高的前5个物种依次是秦岭羚牛(Budorcasbedfordi,RAI=11.53)、野猪(Sus scrofa, RAI=4.80)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi, RAI=4.35)、大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca, RAI=1.81)和中国豪猪(Hystrixhodgsoni,RAI=1.13)。共记录到鸟类8目14科54种,相对多度最高的前5个物种依次是红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus, RAI=0.97)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii, RAI=0.74)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus,RAI=0.51)、红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythrorhyncha, RAI=0.13)、黑领噪鹛(Garrulax pectoralis, RAI=0.12)。保护区鸟类新记录4种,包括白眉地鸫(Geokichla sibirica)、白眉鸫(Turdus obscurus)、长尾地鸫(Zoothera dixoni)和灰脸鵟鹰(Butastur indicus);保护区兽类新记录1种,为亚洲狗獾(Meles leucurus)。本研究利用红外相机技术客观记录了佛坪国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类的本底情况,不仅初步了解了保护区内的野生动物分布,而且更新了保护区鸟类资源数据库,为保护区未来的保护和管理工作提供了数据基础。

From January 2015 to December 2017, 130 camera traps were installed on 57 transects to investigate mammals and avian diversity in the Foping National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province. After an extensive survey effort of 101,220 camera-days, we recorded 36,100 independent images including 30,563 of mammals and 3,244 of birds. We recorded 29 wild mammal species belonging to 15 families and 6 orders. The 5 most detected mammal species were Budorcas bedfordi(RAI = 11.53), Sus scrofa(RAI = 4.80), Muntiacus reevesi(RAI = 4.35), Ailuropoda melanoleuca(RAI = 1.81) and Hystrix hodgsoni(RAI = 1.13). A total of 54 wild bird species belonging to 14 families and 8 orders were identified, and the 5 most detected birds were Chrysolophus pictus(RAI = 0.97), Tragopan temminckii(RAI = 0.74), Myophonus caeruleus(RAI = 0.51), Urocissa erythrorhyncha(RAI = 0.13) and Garrulax pectoralis(RAI = 0.12). We recorded four new bird and one new mammal species in the Foping National Nature Reserve, including Geokichla sibirica, Turdus obscurus, Zoothera dixoni, Butastur indicus and Meles leucurus. Our results provide basic information on the community structure, spatial distribution and relative abundance of terrestrial wild mammals and birds in the Foping National Nature Reserve, with guidelines for reserve management and long-term monitoring of Foping.