微藻类胡萝卜素生物合成代谢途径的研究进展

Research Progress of Biosynthetic Metabolic Pathway of Carotene in Microalgae

微藻是一类没有根茎叶,却能够进行光合作用的真核生物。由于微藻生长速度快、适应性强、生长不受季节影响,因此选择微藻作为提取类胡萝卜的主要原料越来越受到人们的青睐。微藻含有多种多样的生物活性化合物,如:色素、多糖和长链多不饱和脂肪酸等,它们在食品、药品及其他行业中被广泛应用。其色素包括类胡萝卜素、藻胆蛋白等,且富含的类胡萝卜素主要包括番茄红素、叶黄素和虾青素等。类胡萝卜素对视觉系统、皮肤组织有保健功能,并且能够抵抗强光、高温或深水等不良环境。本文在归纳总结主要类胡萝卜素的种类及类胡萝卜素在微藻中的分布及特点的基础上,重点对微藻中类胡萝卜素生物合成代谢途径和其过程中的相关基因以及基因克隆现状进行了阐述,为微藻类胡萝卜素代谢途径的深化研究提供参考。

Microalgae is a kind of eukaryote which has no root,stem or leaf but can carry out photosynthesis.As microalgae grows fast and has strong adaptability,and its growth is not affected by seasons,the selection of microalgae as the main raw material for extracting carotenoids is increasingly favored by people.Microalgae has various bioactive compounds,for example,pigments,polysaccharides,and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.Microalgae is widely used in food,medicine and other industries.The pigment includes carotenoid andphycobiliprotein,and so on.And it is rich in carotenoids,mainly including lycopene,lutein and astaxanthin,etc.Carotenoids have health benefits for the visual system and skin tissue,and can resist adverse environments such as strong light,high temperature or deep water.On the basis of summarizing the main carotenoid species and the distribution and characteristics of carotenoids in microalgae,the biosynthetic metabolic pathway of carotenoids in microalgae,the related genes in the process and the current status of gene cloning are elaborated in this paper,which provide reference for the further research of carotenoid metabolic pathway in microalgae.