美洲鲥鱼卵营养成分分析及评价

Nutritional Composition Analysis and Evaluation of Eggs in American Shad Alosa sapidissima

采用生化分析方法对池养美洲鲥亲本的游离卵进行营养分析和品质评价,以探明美洲鲥鱼卵的营养价值。结果显示,美洲鲥鱼卵鲜样的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量分别为91.88%、5.33%、1.14%和0.76%。检出的18种常见氨基酸中,含量最高的4种氨基酸是谷氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸和天冬氨酸;鱼卵干样中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸分别为61.41%、27.05%、30.54%和21.12%;必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸以及鲜味氨基酸/氨基酸总量分别为0.44、0.89和0.34;蛋氨酸+胱氨酸和色氨酸分别是第一、第二限制性氨基酸;其必需氨基酸指数和支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值(F值)分别为86.98和3.17。鱼卵干样中检出3种饱和脂肪酸(总量为30.43%)、2种单不饱和脂肪酸(总量为28.45%)和8种多不饱和脂肪酸(总量为41.04%),饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的比值和n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的比值分别为0.44和0.51;以油酸(C18:1n9c)(27.13%)、棕榈酸(C16:0)(22.39%)、亚油酸(C18:2n6c)(14.56%)、二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6n3)(11.29%)为主,共占脂肪酸总量的75.37%。研究表明,美洲鲥鱼卵虽水分含量特别高(91.88%),但其干物质营养价值较高、味道鲜美。

Nutritional composition and quality of eggs were analyzed and evaluated in American shad Alosa sapidissima by biochemical analysis methods in order to understand the nutritive value of the eggs.The results showed that there were moisture of 91.88%,crude protein of 5.33%,crude fat of 1.14%,and ash of 0.76%in the fresh eggs,with the top contents of lutamic acid,leucine,alanine,and aspartic acid in 18 kinds of amino acids found in the eggs.The eggs contained total amino acid(TAA)of 61.41%,total essential amino acid(EAA)of 27.05%,total non-essential amino acid(NEAA)of 30.54%,and total delicious amino acid(DAA)of 21.12%,with EAA/TAA=0.44,EAA/NEAA=0.89,and DAA/TAA=0.34.The amino acids score(AAS)and chemical score(CS)revealed that the first limited amino acid was Met+Cys,the second limited amino acid was Try,with the essential amino acid index(EAAI)of 3.17,and the ratio of branched chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid(F value)of 86.98.Three saturated fatty acids(∑SFA=30.43%),two mono-unsaturated fatty acids(∑MUFA=28.45%),and eight poly-unsaturated fatty acids(∑PUFA=41.04%)were found in the dry eggs,with the∑SFA/∑UFA=0.44 and∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA=0.51.The fatty acids in eggs were primarily comprised of C18:1n9c(27.13%),C16:0(22.39%),C18:2n6c(14.56%),and C22:6n3(DHA)(11.29%),accounting for 75.37%of the total fatty acids.Therefore,the egg dry matter of American shad has high nutritional value and delicious,although it has the high moisture.