人道主义视野中的早期技术哲学

Early Philosophy of Technology from the Humanitarian Perspective

技术哲学诞生于人道主义彰显的时代,卡尔·米切姆将早期的技术哲学划分为工程的技术哲学和人文的技术哲学,这两种传统的技术哲学从各自的角度展现了其人道主义的本质。工程的技术哲学一方面从人道主义出发来探讨技术的本质,另一方面认为技术有助于人类践行人道主义,但这里的“技术”是抽象的、大写的、一般的,缺乏对具体的、经验的、个别的技术的分析;人文的技术哲学基于人道主义的态度对技术采取一种批判的、否定的态度,认为现实中的技术是不人道的,需要代之以一种崭新的、人道的“技术”,但这种“技术”充满空想,不切实际。正是基于早期技术哲学的人道主义本质及其存在的问题,技术哲学在其随后的发展中发生了经验与伦理转向。

The philosophy of technology was born in the era of humanitarianism.Karl Mitcham divided the early philosophy of technology into the philosophy of technology of engineering and the philosophy of technology of humanity.On the one hand,the technical philosophy of engineering discusses the essence of technology from the perspective of humanitarianism;on the other hand,it believes that technology is conducive to the practices of humanitarianism,but the“technology”is abstract,capital and general,which lacks such analysis of specific,experiential and individual technologies.The philosophy of technology of humanity takes a critical and negative attitude towards technology based on humanitarianism,believing that technology in reality is inhuman and needs to be replaced by a new and humane“technology”,but this“technology”is full of fantasy and thus impractical.It is on the basis of the humanitarian nature and the problems of the early philosophy of technology that the philosophy of technology underwent an empirical and ethical turn in its subsequent development.