教师教学专长研究如何走出困境?--柯林斯与德雷弗斯专长研究比较及启示

How to Get Rid of the Research Predicament on Teaching Expertise of Teachers?Enlightenment in comparing researches on“expertise”by Collins and Dreyfus

伴随人工智能、人机工程学、认知心理学等学科的探索,近年来教育学界对教师教学专长问题的研究也取到了长足的进展,但研究中存在着专长概念窄化、层次划分区分度低、忽视具体的教学情境、淡化教学实践的多样性、田野研究缺乏等问题,致使"教师教学专长"与"教师专业发展"相混淆,相关研究难以再深入下去。科学知识社会学家哈里·柯林斯和科学哲学家休伯特·德雷弗斯分别基于不同的研究样本,采用不同的理论视角与研究方法,对与专长密切相关的知识转移、意会知识、专长分层及其他相关问题均进行了深入、独到的研究,分析、比较两者的探索,对于教师教学专长研究走出目前的研究困境有着重要的理论价值和实践意义。

Along with the researches in related disciplines such as artificial intelligence,ergonomics,cognitive psychology,the educational research circle have made great progress in the research on teaching expertise of teachers in recent years.However,there are some problems,such as narrowed concept of expertise,unscientific division of levels and the confusion between"teaching expertise"and"professional development"of teachers,which make predicament for the further researches.Harry Collins,a sociologist of scientific knowledge,and Hubert Dreyfus,a philosopher of science,both have conducted unique,thorough and systematic researches on the specialty and its related issues,including knowledge transfer,tacit knowledge and expertise stratification,though different in research samples,research methods and theoretical perspectives.The in-depth analysis and comparison of their researches have important referential significance for deepening the research on teaching expertise of teachers.