我国特应性皮炎、银屑病、痤疮和荨麻疹的患病率及危险因素

Prevalence and risk factors of atopic dermatitis,psoriasis,acne,and urticaria in China

通过检索中国知网、万方、PubMed数据库文献,发现特应性皮炎、银屑病、痤疮、荨麻疹的患病率及危险因素的调查相对较多,是目前皮肤病流行病学研究较受关注的疾病。1998年、2002年和2014年3次全国大规模流行病学调查显示:我国特应性皮炎的患病率从0.69%,3.07%增加到12.94%。1984年和2008年两次全国调查发现银屑病的患病率从0.123%增加到0.47%。2008年全国性调查发现痤疮的患病率为8.1%。荨麻疹尚缺乏全国性调查。各疾病的危险因素不同,其中特应性皮炎、银屑病和荨麻疹与环境、精神紧张等有关,痤疮则与皮肤类型、饮食等有关。但我国皮肤病流行病学调查所采用的诊断方法不同,其中有较多研究以患者自报作为诊断。各研究的结果可靠性不一、可比性不足,且均缺乏随访数据;因此有必要建立我国自然人群皮肤病的队列研究。

By searching the database of CNKI,Wanfang and PubMed,the prevalence and risk factors of atopic dermatitis,psoriasis,acne,and urticaria were relatively more investigated,which were the skin diseases of more concern in the current epidemiological study of skin diseases.Three national epidemiologic surveys reported that the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased from 0.69%in 1998,to 3.07%in 2002,and 12.94%in 2014,respectively.The prevalence of psoriasis increased from 0.123%in 1984 to 0.47%in 2009 according to 2 national surveys.The prevalence of acne was 8.1%in a national investigation in 2008.Representative national prevalence data of urticaria is not available.Risk factors for these skin diseases are distinct.Atopic dermatitis,psoriasis,and urticaria are more related to environment and mental stress,while acne is more related to skin type and dietary factors.Owing to the heterogeneities in diagnostic methods used in the dermatoepidemiologic surveys(some of the diagnoses were self-reported)and a lack of follow ups,the reliability of data remained questionable,and the comparability across the surveys was difficult.As a result,it is necessary to conduct population-based cohort studies on skin diseases in China.