流域水环境承载力评价--以白洋淀流域为例

Evaluations of water environment carrying capacity:A case study in the Baiyangdian watershed,China

流域水环境承载力评价可为流域生态环境治理提供重要依据。以白洋淀流域为例,建立包括水资源、水环境和水生态三要素、共16个指标的水环境承载力评价指标体系与标准,提出基于层次分析法和熵值法的指标权重确定方法以及基于可变模糊识别模型的评价方法,对近20年水环境承载力进行计算与评价。结果表明:1998-2017年白洋淀流域水环境承载力的综合特征值由1.84增加到3.16,水环境承载力呈上升趋势,1998-2012年属较低承载区间,2013-2017年属中等承载区间;从各要素看,水资源和水环境要素的特征值由1.18、1.92分别增加为2.72、3.36,均呈增加趋势,水生态要素的特征值由3.44下降为2.31,呈下降趋势。未来应在推进水污染控制、水资源节约利用的基础上,重点关注水生态的保护、修复。

Evaluation of water environment carrying capacity can provide an important basis for management of the ecological environment.This study took the Baiyangdian watershed as an example and established an evaluation indicator system and standards for the carrying capacity of water resources, the aquatic, and aquatic ecology. It proposed an indicator weight determination method based on an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy value method and used these to calculate the carrying capacities of water environment in the last 20 years;the results were evaluated using a variable fuzzy recognition model. The results showed that the comprehensive characteristic values of the water environment carrying capacity in the Baiyangdian watershed increased from 1.84 to 3.16 during the period 1998-2017 and showed an upward trend. The carrying capacity was at a low level from 1998-2012 and at a medium level from 2013-2017. Based on different parameters, the characteristic values of water resources and the aquatic environment increased from 1.18 and 1.92 to 2.72 and 3.36 respectively, with an increasing trend, while the characteristic values of aquatic ecological elements decreased from 3.44 to 2.31 with a decreasing trend. The protection and restoration of water ecology based on controlling water pollution and conserving water resources should be the focus in the future.