北京南海子麋鹿苑鸟类多样性研究

Bird diversity in Nan-Haizi Milu Park of Beijing, China

城市公园及城市其他自然保护地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,是城市鸟类最主要的栖息场所。城市化进程对城市的自然景观和生态系统造成很大影响,鸟类生存空间不断缩小,其群落结构受到影响。南海子麋鹿苑周边正在经历快速城市化,为了摸清该地区鸟类群落组成及多样性,自2014年10月起对研究区野生鸟类种类、数量和分布特点进行连续调查,共记录鸟类18目、49科、156种;其中,国家II级重点保护鸟类16种。鸟类优势种随年份变化和季节变化不一,总体来看,绿头鸭、灰喜鹊、喜鹊、[树]麻雀等留鸟为研究区优势种。研究区鸟类Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数呈现2018年>2017年>2016年>2015年的变化规律;鸟类Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数呈现秋季>夏季>春季>冬季的变化规律。同时,探讨了影响鸟类多样性的因素,提出连通城市绿地,打通动物迁徙通道;坚持山水林田湖草理念,创造多样的景观;对野生动物重点保护区域限制人类活动,保护野生鸟类生境等建议。

As an important component of urban ecosystem, urban parks and other nature reserves provide for the remaining birds with the habitats. However, the rapid urbanization causesnegative effects on the natural landscape and ecosystem, which leads to limited living space for birds as well as abnormal community structure. Taking the Nan-Haizi Milu Park for example with great urbanization in recent years, the wild birds′ community structure and their species diversity are studied in the paper. The species, amounts and distribution of wild birds in Milu Park has been continuouslyinvestigated since October 2014. Till now, 18 orders, 49 families and 156 species of wild birds have been recorded in total, of which 16 species were ranked as the National Class II Key Protection Birds. The dominant species of birds varied with years and seasons. In general, the resident birds including Anas platyrhynchos, Cyanopica cyana, Passer montanus are dominant species in the study area. The Shannon Diversity Index and Pielou Uniformity Index of Birds in Nan-Haizi Milu Parkfollowed the sequence from high to low as 2018, 2017, 2016, and 2015 for the annualvariations and as autumn, summer, spring and winter for the seasonal fluctuation. Meanwhile, the influential factors on bird diversity were discussed. It was suggested that urban greenland should be connected to make it available for animals to pass through;the concept of landscape, forest, field, lake and grassshould be insisted to set up various landscape;human beings activities should be limited in wild life key protected sites;and habitats for wild birds should be watched and so on.