食源性致病菌核酸检测技术研究进展

Advances in Nucleic Acid-based Methods for Detecting Foodborne Pathogen

近年来,食源性疾病的发病率逐年升高,已成为全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题。致病菌广泛存在于各种食品中,快速检测食源性致病菌,对提供安全的食物和预防食源性疾病具有重要的现实意义。由于传统食源性致病菌检测方法耗时耗力,因此建立食源性致病菌的快速检测技术尤为重要。食源性致病菌的核酸检测技术具有简便、耗时短、特异性强、灵敏度高等优点,已被广泛应用于食源性致病菌的检测。着重介绍近年来用于食源性致病菌检测的核酸检测技术,包括常规聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、多重聚合酶链式反应(multiplex-PCR,mPCR)、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)、环介导等温扩增反应(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)、聚合酶螺旋反应(polymerase spiral reaction,PSR)、重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA),并对其优缺点,以及适用范围进行总结,旨在为开发出简单、快速、有效、准确的检测方法提供一定的理论依据。

The incidence of foodborne diseases has increased over the years and resulted in major public health problem globally.Foodborne pathogens can be found in various foods and it is important to detect foodborne pathogens to provide safe food supply and to prevent foodborne diseases.The traditional bacterial detection method is complex and time-consuming;therefore,it is necessary to establish a rapid and convenient detection method that can detect multiple pathogens simultaneously.Nucleic acid detection of foodborne pathogens has been widely used in the detection of foodborne pathogens because of its simple operation,short time-consuming,high specificity and high sensitivity.Therefore,This review will focus on recent rapid detection methods based on nucleic acids,including conventional polymerase chain reaction(PCR),multiplex PCR,real-time PCR,loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP);polymerase spiral reaction(PSR);recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA).The advantages and disadvantages as well as the applicable scope are summarized to provide certain theoretical basis for developing simple,fast,effective and accurate detection methods.