云南省石屏县传统村落及其民族空间格局特征研究

A Study on the Characteristics of Traditional Villages and Their Spatial Patterns in Shiping County of Yunnan Province

以云南省石屏县58个国家级传统村落和极具民族文化特色的460个古村落为研究对象,运用空间分析方法,从宏观和微观两方面进行分析.在宏观层面,对传统村落空间格局特征进行研究,而在微观层面则挖掘其民族空间分布规律和文化特色,探究人类在自然地理环境影响下所产生的适应性法则.结果表明:石屏县传统村落空间分布呈现出“坝区高密度,山区低密度”的特点;民族分布总体上具有“一横一纵,两走向”的空间结构,即汉族分布在贯穿中部坝区的东西横线上,彝族则分布在南北山区两侧,形成贯穿石屏县的纵线;通过对民族在水平梯度和垂直梯度的分布特征以及建筑特色的分析,得出人居环境与自然环境之间有一一对应的适应性法则.对传统村落的保护建设应从适应性角度出发,守住其地域文化和民族特色.

Taking 58 national-level traditional villages in Shiping County of Yunnan Province and 460 ancient villages with extremely national cultural characteristics as the research objects,we used the spatial analysis method for macroscopic and microscopic analysis.At the macroscopic level,we study the spatial pattern characteristics of the traditional villages.At the microscopic level,we explore their ethnic spatial distribution laws and cultural characteristics and the adaptive laws produced by humans under the influence of the natural geographical environment.The results show that:The spatial distribution of traditional villages in Shiping County presents the characteristics of“high density in dam area,low density in mountain area”;On the east-west horizontal line that runs through the central dam area,the Yi people are distributed on both sides of the north-south mountain area,forming a vertical line that runs through Shiping County;through the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the people in the horizontal and vertical gradients,and the architectural characteristics,it is concluded that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the human settlement environment and the natural environment.The protection and construction of traditional villages should proceed from the perspective of adaptability and keep their regional culture and national characteristics.