疫情防控下个人的权利限缩与边界

Contraction and Boundary of the Individual's Right under the Epidemic Prevention and Control

在我国目前已进入防控新冠肺炎疫情的应急状态下,个体权利因为《传染病防治法》、《突发事件应对法》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》等法律法规的规定而受到限缩。受到限缩的权利尤其包括个体的人身自由、财产权和经营自主权等。但即使是基于疫情防控的公益目的,公权机关对个体的权利限制也并非毫无限度。应急状态下的限权措施受到法律保留、比例原则、禁止不当联结以及核心权利保障等诸多原则的限制,而这些限制最终都指向对个体人性尊严的保障。这些限制构成了疫情防控下个体权利收缩的边界,也同时确保了抗疫工作能够在法治的框架下有序进行,确保了个体因为疫情防控而受到的权利限缩,最终不致演变为对其权利的彻底排除和掏空。

At present,the country has entered the emergency state of prevention and control of the novel coronavirus.In this context,individual rights are limited by the provisions of the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases,the law on emergency response and other laws and regulations.The restricted rights include personal freedom,property rights and management autonomy.But even for the public purpose of epidemic prevention and control,the restriction of public authority on individual rights is not unlimited.The measures of limiting rights in emergency state are limited by many principles,such as legal resen ation,proportion principle,prohibition of improper connection and core rights protection,which ultimately point to the protection of individual human dignity.These restrictions constitute the boundary of individual rights contraction and also ensure that the prevention and control of the virus can be carried out in an orderly manner within the framework of the rule of law.