工伤保险一次性给付制度:现状、问题与改革

The Disposable Payment System of Work-related Injury Insurance:Current Situation,Problems and Reform

工伤保险给付有四项一次性给付,即工亡补助金、医疗补助金、就业补助金和伤残补助金。一次性给付占基金支出超过50%,导致工伤保险基金的财务风险,并制约了工伤预防和工伤康复的发展,限制了定期给付制度的发展与完善,影响给付制度的保障功能。在理论上,一次性给付极易被挪作他用,也无法对抗通货膨胀,无法应对伤残职工及其遗属的长期生活保障需求;在国际上,除短期风险和轻微伤害外,主要采用定期给付。因此,中国宜废止前两项一次性给付,并改革和完善就业补助金和伤残补助金,在实现工伤保险制度可持续发展的同时,增强其保障功能。

Chinese work-related injury insurance benefit includes one-time disable grant-in-aid,one-off death benefit,one-time work-related injury medical subsidy,one-time disability employment grant.One-time payment accounts for more than 50%of the fund expenditure,which leads to the financial risk of the work-related injury insurance fund,restricts the development of work-related injury prevention and rehabilitation,restricts the development and improvement of the regular payment system,and affects the safeguard function of the system.One-time payment is easily diverted for other purposes,unable to fight against inflation,unable to cope with the long-term living security needs of disabled employees and their survivors.Internationally,except for short-term risks and minor injuries,regular benefits are mainly used.China should abolish one-off death benefit and one-time work-related injury medical subsidy,and reform and improve one-time disability subsidy and one-time disability employment subsidy,in order to promote the sustainable development of the work-related injury insurance system,enhance its safeguard function.