18世纪英国如画美学的兴起及其中国元素

The Rise of British Picturesque Aesthetics in the 18th Century and Its Chinese Elements

18世纪的英国,如画美学逐渐兴起,"如画"成为与"崇高""美"比肩的西方三大美学范畴之一。在这场美学革命的背后,各种因素发挥了重要的推动作用,如近代英国民族主义的发展、经验主义哲学的长期影响、市民阶级及其文化的需求、英国文化界对新古典主义的反叛以及欧洲绘画艺术的影响,等等。此外,18世纪中国传统文化在欧洲国家的传播也是一个不容忽视的重要因素,可以说中国元素对如画美学的兴起产生了强大的推动力。

In the 18th century,the Picturesque Aesthetics gradually sprang up in Britain and became one of the three main western aesthetic categories,comparable to the“Sublime”and the“Beautiful”.There were various important factors contributing to the revolution of aesthetics,such as the development of modern British nationalism,the long-term impact of empiricism philosophy,the needs of the citizen class and its culture,the resistance of British cultural sector against neoclassicism and the influence of European painting art.In addition,the spread of traditional Chinese culture in European countries in the same period was also a major factor that could not be ignored.In other words,Chinese elements provided a strong impetus to the rise of Picturesque Aesthetics.