基于模型模拟的森林穿透雨收集装置的优化设计及分布

Distribution and optimization design of forest throughfall collection device based on model simulation

穿透雨是研究林内水循环、林内降雨再分配过程不可或缺的一部分。在观测过程中,收集装置的形状、大小、放置方式对观测结果有直接影响。该文以圆形、正方形和长方形3种不同形状穿透雨收集装置对观测结果的影响进行分析,研究穿透雨收集装置形状及设置方式的合理性。结果表明:圆形和正方形收集装置的合理设置范围与收集装置面积无关;长方形收集装置的合理设置范围先随收集装置面积增加而增加,然后趋于稳定;在收集装置面积相等的情况下,长方形收集装置的合理设置范围更大,说明长方形是理想的穿透雨收集装置设计形状。

Throughfall is an indispensable part in the study of water circulation and rainfall redistribution in forest. During observation,the shape,size and placement of the collection devices influence the observation result directly. In this study,the influences of circular,square and rectangle shaped devices on the observation results of throughfall collection were analyzed to discuss the rationality of device shape and its placement. Results indicated that the reasonable setting range of the circular and square shaped collecting device had nothing to do with the area of the device;reasonable setting range of the rectangle device increased with the increasing of device area firstly then tended to be stable;when the areas of the collection devices were equal,the reasonable setting range of the rectangular collection device was larger,which indicated that the rectangle was an ideal design shape of the throughfall collecting device.