碳排放规制下不同信息分享模式影响的比较研究

Comparative study on strategic information sharing under cap-and-trade mechanism

随着经济社会的不断发展,因企业的生产经营行为而带来的环境问题也日益严峻。为推动经济高质量发展,必须正确处理好环境与发展之间的问题。在绿色发展背景下,碳减排是经济高质量发展的重要途径和目标之一。受政府环境政策及消费者低碳环保意识的影响,不少企业也主动采取措施减少碳排放。信息是指导企业决策的重要内部要素,信息的获取与运用直接影响企业的生产与经营状况。因此,在外部经营环境和内部信息因素的共同影响下,分析企业的生产经营决策和信息管理方式显得尤为重要。本文在碳限额与交易机制下构建由单一制造商和两个零售商组成的供应链系统,分析不同信息分享模式下(无信息分享、部分信息分享和信息共享),具有信息优势的零售商能否真实分享市场需求信息以及制造商的最优决策,并进一步分析信息分享对参与方的影响。研究表明:制造商的决策受信息分享方式的影响,且批发价格、碳减排水平与分享的需求信息正相关;制造商的减排能力较强时,部分分享模式下可实现真实信息分享;制造商的减排能力较弱且市场需求波动幅度较小时,部分分享和共享模式下零售商均能真实分享信息;相较于无信息分享,高市场需求的先验概率较小且波动较大时,共享高需求对供应链成员均有利,而共享低需求信息仅对信息传递方有利。由此可见,拥有信息优势的零售企业应根据制造商的减排能力和市场需求情况选择有利于自己的信息分享方式;具有信息劣势的零售企业接受市场信息并不能总是从中获利,其应当有选择性的接受信息;而制造商则可以通过调节自身减排能力引导拥有信息优势的零售商选择对其有利的信息分享方式。本文的研究结论可为企业的生产经营决策和信息管理提供有效指导。

With the development of the economy and society,the environmental problems caused by the production and operation behavior of enterprises are increasingly serious.In order to promote high-quality development of the economy,we must correctly deal with the problems between environment and development.Under the background of green development,carbon emission reduction has become one of the important ways and objectives of high-quality development.Affected by the government's environmental policies and consumers’eco-friendly awareness,many firms have taken measures to reduce carbon emissions.Information is an important internal factor to guide the enterprises’decision-making.The acquisition and application of information can directly affect the enterprises’production and operations.Therefore,considering comprehensively the external business environment and internal information factors,we found it greatly significant to analyze the enterprises’operational decisions and information management methods.Under carbon cap-and-trade regulation,we established a supply chain comprised of a manufacturer and two retailers(an incumbent retailer and an entrant retailer)with market demand uncertainty.The results showed that the manufacturer’s decisions were affected by the information sharing format;the optimal wholesale price and the carbon emission abatement positively responded to the information shared by the incumbent retailer.Under partial information sharing format,truthful information sharing could be achieved when the demand uncertainty was relatively large.With public information sharing,the incumbent retailer conveyed truthful information when the manufacturer was not efficient in abating carbon emissions and the demand uncertainty was small.The findings also indicated that partial information sharing benefited the incumbent retailer and the manufacturer if the manufacturer was efficient in abating carbon emissions,but benefited the incumbent retailer only if the manufacturer was not efficient in abating carbon emissions.Moreover,publicly sharing high-demand information could benefit all the members under certainty conditions,whereas publicly sharing low-demand information only benefited the information owner.As a result,retailers endowed with private information should choose different information sharing modes according to the manufacturers’emission reduction ability and market demand;retailers with information disadvantages cannot always benefit from receiving market information,and they should selectively receive the information;and manufacturers can guide retailers with information advantage to share information with them by adjusting their emission reduction ability.It is hoped that the conclusions of this paper can provide effective guidance for enterprises’operational decision and information management.