河南省武陟县2010—2019年人间布鲁菌病流行特征

Prevalence characteristics of brucellosis in Wuzhi County,He′nan,2010-2019

目的分析2010—2019年河南省武陟县人间布鲁菌病(简称布病)流行特征,为布病防治提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2010—2019年报告《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的病例和武陟县疾病预防控制中心收集的布病病例流行病学个案调查及相关资料进行分析。结果2010—2019年武陟县累计报告人间布病437例,2010—2014年布病发病数迅速上升,2014年达到高峰102例,2014年之后总体呈下降趋势。发病以30~69岁的中老年为主,占79.41%(347/437),男女之比为3.37∶1;其中3—7月报告病例居多,占58.58%(256/437);职业以农民为主,共409例,占93.56%(409/437);感染途径以传统的饲养放牧发病最多,占43.02%(188/437);发病到确诊时间间隔中位数2019年最短为9 d。结论饲养放牧和处理胎羔是武陟县布病主要的传播途径,食用乳肉制品感染布病逐年增加,应继续开展布病防治健康教育宣传、临床医生培训,切实控制人间布病疫情、缩短发病到确诊时间间隔中位数,加强区域联防、部门协作、畜间免疫、健康教育、淘汰病畜是控制疫情蔓延的有效措施。

Objective To analyze the prevalence characteristics of human brucellosis in Wuzhi County,Henan Province,2010-2019,and we provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of brucellosis disease.Methods Using a description of epidemiology,we analyze the epidemiological case investigation and related information collected by the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Wuzhi County for 2010-2019.Results From 2010 to 2019,a cumulative total of 437 cases of human brucellosis disease were reported in Wuzhi County,rapid increase in the incidence in 2010-2014,and reached the peak of 102 cases in 2014,there was a downward trend after 2014.The incidence was mainly in the middle-aged and old aged between 30 and 69 years old,accounting for 79.41%(347/437),and the ratio of men to women was 3.37:1;the number of reported cases mainly in March-July accounted for 58.58%(256/437),while the occupation of cases was mainly farmers,with 93.56%(409/437);The traditional feeding and grazing were the most common ways of infection,with 43.02%(188/437);The average time interval between onset and diagnosis,of which the minimum in 2019 was 9 days.Conclusion Breeding grazing and treatment of lambs is the main transmission route of brucellosis disease in Wuzhi County.The number of infections of meat products increased year by year.We should continue to carry out health education and training for disease prevention and treatment,and train clinicians to effectively control the outbreak of human brucellosis disease,shorten the median time interval between onset and diagnosis,strengthen regional joint defense,sectoral collaboration,inter-animal immunization,health education and elimination of diseased animals are effective measures to control the spread of the epidemic.