长白山区两栖类动物对公路涵洞穿越行为的试验研究

Experimental Study on the Crossing Behavior of Highway Culverts by Amphibians in Changbai Mountain

为研究两栖类动物对公路涵洞的行为响应,更好地为两栖类动物通道建设提供科学依据,于2018年4月,在毗邻长白山国家级自然保护区的环长白山旅游公路选取2个洞口微环境不同的涵洞,对中国林蛙Rana chensinensis和中华大蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans的行为响应进行了试验。结果显示,中国林蛙与中华大蟾蜍行为差异显著,中国林蛙对涵洞有明显的倾向性,而中华大蟾蜍则回避涵洞(P<0.05);2种两栖类动物对洞口有水体和植被覆盖的涵洞穿越发生频次多于洞口裸露且无水体分布的涵洞,表明涵洞口附近的水体和植被覆盖,对两栖类动物利用涵洞有一定程度吸引效应。

In order to study the behavioral response of amphibians to highway culverts,which will provides a scientific basis for the construction of amphibians crossing structures.In April 2018,two different culverts with different micro-environments were selected in the Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic Highway near Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve,and the behavioral responses of the Chinese brown frog,Rana chensinensis,and the Asiatic toad,Bufo gargarizans,were tested.The results showed that the Chinese brown frog and the Asiatic toad have significant differences in behavior.Chinese brown frogs showed a clear tendency to culverts,while the Asiatic toad avoided culvert passages(P<0.05).The crossing frequency of two amphibians to the culverts that has water bodies and vegetation cover at the entrance was more than the culverts without vegetation cover and water bodies.This study indicates that the quality of habitat near the culvert entrance has a certain degree of influence on the use of culvert passages by amphibians.