三门核电站运行前后生活饮用水中总放射性和食品中90Sr水平调查

Investigation on levels of gross radioactivity in drinking water and 90Sr in food before and after operation of Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant

目的调查分析三门核电站运行前后,三门核电站周围生活饮用水中总放射性及食品中90Sr的放射性水平。方法在2012—2019年,选取三门核电站周围7个生活饮用水监测点,分别采集丰水期和枯水期的水源水、出厂水、末梢水,测定分析水中总α、总β放射性水平;结合当地居民饮食习惯,采集三门当地出产的谷类、青菜、淡水鱼、海鱼等4种食品,测定分析其中的90Sr放射性水平。结果三门核电站运行前,核电站周围生活饮用水中总α、总β放射性活度浓度范围为0.001~0.063 Bq/L和0.019~0.210 Bq/L;运行后,总α、总β放射性活度浓度范围为0.001~0.084 Bq/L、0.025~0.079 Bq/L,均低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)国家标准指导值。丰水期和枯水期的水源水、出厂水、末梢水中总α、总β放射性水平未见明显变化。运行前,4类食品90Sr放射性活度浓度范围为0.037~1.216 Bq/kg,运行后为0.049~0.692 Bq/kg,均低于《食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准》(GB 14882-94)指导值。结论三门核电站运行前后,生活饮用水中总α、总β及食品中90Sr放射性水平平稳,低于国家标准限值。

Objective To investigate the levels of gross radioactivity in drinking water and of 90Sr in food around Sanmen nuclear power plant(NPP)before and after operation.Methods From 2012 to 2019,7 drinking water monitoring sites were selected around the Sanmen NPP to collect source water,factory water and peripheral water,respectively,in order to measure and analyze the total radioactivity level in drinking water.Based on the dietary habits of local residents,4 kinds of food such as grains,vegetables,freshwater fish and marine fish grown locally were sampled to measure and analyze the activity concentration of 90Sr.Results Before the operation of Sanmen NPP,the totalαradioactivity and totalβradioactivity in drinking water around the NPP were 0.001-0.063 Bq/L and 0.019-0.210 Bq/L,respectively.After operation,the totalαradioactivity and totalβradioactivity were 0.001-0.084 Bq/L and 0.025-0.079 Bq/L,respectively.Both were lower than the national standard value given in the GB 5749-2006"Sanitary standards for drinking water".There was no significant change in the radioactivity level of source water,factory water and peripheral water during the wet and dry periods.The activity concentration of 90Sr in these four types of food ranged from 0.037 to 1.216 Bq/kg before operation and from 0.049 to 0.692 Bq/kg after operation,all lower than the standard value of"Standard for the concentration in radioactive substances in food"(GB 14882-94).Conclusions Before and after the operation of Sanmen NPP,the totalαand totalβradioactivity in drinking water and 90Sr activity concentration in food are stable,below the national standard limit.