5周亚高原训练对国家现代五项队运动员身体机能和运动表现的影响

Effects of 5-week Sub-altitude Training on Body Function and Athletic Performance of National Modern Pentathlon Athletes

目的:探讨亚高原训练对国家现代五项队运动员重大比赛前身体机能状态和运动表现的影响及其性别差异。方法:以国家现代五项队14名运动员(男6名、女8名)为实验对象,于雅加达亚运会赛前在内蒙古呼和浩特进行5周亚高原训练。每周训练结束调整后次日晨,采集运动员肘静脉血测量生化指标评价身体机能;亚高原前、中、后采用自由泳和激光跑评价体能相关的运动表现能力。不同时间点各指标比较采用重复测量方差分析。结果:1)男运动员红细胞(red blood cells,RBC)和血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)均在亚高原第1周开始显著降低(P<0.01),下亚高原1周后恢复至亚高原前水平;女运动员RBC、Hb在亚高原第4周至亚高原后显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);女运动员RBC、Hb升高幅度均在亚高原第3周至亚高原后显著高于男运动员(P<0.05或P<0.01)。男运动员血清睾酮(testosterone,T)在亚高原第3、4周显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),女运动员血清T亚高原期间显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),女运动员T升高幅度在亚高原第1~3周显著高于男运动员(P<0.05或P<0.01);2)男运动员亚高原后游泳成绩稍高于亚高原前,显著高于亚高原期间(P<0.05),女运动员亚高原期间、亚高原后激光跑成绩显著提高(P<0.05),女运动员激光跑成绩提高幅度显著高于男运动员(P<0.05)。结论:5周亚高原训练对提高现代五项队女子运动员携氧能力,男、女运动员合成代谢有促进作用,改善现代五项的游泳和激光跑运动表现能力,亚高原训练可作为现代五项备战重大比赛的赛前训练方式,但应注意性别差异。

Objective:To explore the effects and sex differences of sub-altitude training on the body function and athletic performance in national modern pentathlon athletes.Methods:14 athletes(6 males and 8 females)from the national pentathlon training team were selected as the subjects,and they completed 5-week sub-altitude training in Hohhot of Inner Mongolia before Jakarta Asian Games.In the next morning after resting after every week,the athletes’venous blood of elbow was collected to measure biochemical indexes and evaluate the body function.Athletic performance was evaluated by comparing the results of freestyle and laser running before,during and after sub-altitude training.Different time points were compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance.Results:1)Compared with that before sub-altitude training,RBC and Hb of male athletes started to decrease significantly at week 1(P<0.01),and recovered after sub-altitude training.RBC and Hb of female athletes increased significantly from week 4 to the end of sub-altitude training(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The increases of RBC and Hb in female athletes were higher significantly than that in male athletes from week 3 to the end of sub-altitude(P<0.05 or P<0.01).T of male athletes increased significantly at week 3,4(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and T of female athletes increased significantly from week 1 to week 5(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The increase of T in female athletes was higher significantly than that in male athletes from week 1 to 3(P<0.05 or P<0.01);2)after sub-altitude training,the swimming of male athletes increased.Compared with that before sub-altitude training,the laser running of female athletes increased significantly during and after sub-altitude training(P<0.05).The increase of laser running in female athletes was higher significantly than that in male athletes(P<0.05).Conclusion:5-week sub-altitude training showed accelerative effect on the improvement of oxygen carrying capacity on female athletes and anabolism in modern pentathlon athletes,and improved the swimming performance and laser running performance.Sub-altitude training can be used as a way to prepare for major competitions for modern pentathlon,but sex differences in the effects on body function and athletic performance should be considered.