引种玫瑰营养生长对重庆市3种土壤类型的响应

Response of Vegetative Growth of Introduced Roses to Three Soil Types in Chongqing

【目的】研究不同类型土壤对引种玫瑰(Rosa rugosa)生长的影响。【方法】以重庆市玫瑰种植所用最典型的紫色土、水稻土和黄壤作为供试土壤类型,以济南平阴地区的紫枝玫瑰(Rosa rugosa‘Purple Branch’,PB)、甘肃苦水地区的苦水玫瑰(Rosa rugosa‘Ku Shui’,KS)和云南滇红玫瑰(Rosa rugosa‘Dian Hong’,DH)1年生扦插苗进行盆栽实验(不施肥),测定株高、冠幅和生物量。【结果】引种的3种玫瑰在3种土壤中种植后,生长、生物量各不相同。其中,紫枝玫瑰在酸性黄壤上的株高、冠幅、地上生物量和地下生物量(根系)均明显大于在其他两种土壤上的(仅株高与在紫色土上的差异不明显),因此,该品种最适种植的土壤类型为酸性黄壤,除株高以外,它种植在紫色土和水稻土上的指标差异不明显;苦水玫瑰和滇红玫瑰最适种植土壤类型为弱碱性紫色土,该土壤综合肥力最高。通过3种土壤类型的化学性质和生长指标相关性分析发现,在玫瑰苗期营养生长阶段,没有外源肥料补充情况下,水稻土的有机质、全氮含量最低,尽管它的碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾含量明显高于黄壤,但各品种综合生长表现均较差。相反,紫色土和黄壤有机质和氮含量高,对地上生物量和地下生物量生长均有利。【结论】紫枝玫瑰最适种植的土壤类型为酸性黄壤,苦水玫瑰和滇红玫瑰最适种植土壤类型为弱碱性的紫色土。研究结果对重庆市引种玫瑰之适生土壤类型选择具有重要的参考价值。

[Purposes]In order to find out the influence of different soil types on the growth of introduced roses.[Methods]Purple ochre soil(POS),upland paddy soil(UPS)and Yellow soil(YS),which are the most typical types of soil for rose cultivation in Chongqing,were selected.One-year-old seedlings of Rosa rugosa‘Purple Branch’(PB),Rosa Rugosa‘Ku Shui’(KS)and Rosa rugosa‘Dian Hong’(DH)were potted without fertilization to determine plant height,crown width and biomass.[Findings]The results showed that the growth and biomass of the different rose species were different in the different soil types.Among them,the plant height,crown width,aboveground biomass and underground biomass(roots)of PB on acid yellow soil were significantly higher than those on other two soil types(the difference of plant height in purple soil was not significant only).Therefore,the most suitable soil type for PB is acid yellow soil,and except plant height,there is no significant difference between purple soil and paddy soil.The most suitable soil type for KS and DH is weak alkaline purple soil with the highest comprehensive soil fertility.Through the correlation analysis of chemical properties and growth indexes of three soil types,it found that the vegetative growth stage of rose seedling which was no external fertilizer supplement,the content of organic matter and total N in paddy soil is the lowest.Although the content of available N,total P,available P,total K and available K is significantly higher than that in yellow soil,the comprehensive growth performance of each variety is poor.On the contrary,purple soil and yellow soil have high organic matter and nitrogen content,which are beneficial to the growth of aboveground and underground biomass.[Conclusions]The most suitable soil type for PB was acid yellow soil,while the KS and DH were weak alkaline purple soil.The results have important reference value for the selection of suitable soil types for the introduced roses in Chongqing.