子女数量、性别和序次对养老资本的影响及城乡差异——基于CLASS 2014数据的分析

The Impact of the Number,Gender Structure,Birth Order of Children on Old-age Security Capital and Differences between Urban and Rural Elderly:Evidence from the CLASS 2014 Data

基于可持续生计理论,利用2014年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,分析老年人在不同子女数量、性别和序次结构基础上的养老资本现状,综合考察子女对养老资本的影响机制、结果及城乡差异。研究发现:子女数量对老年人养老资本有显著提升作用。子女性别结构的影响体现在女儿数量增加对老年人养老资本有显著正向影响。子女序次结构对两孩老人的影响表现在无论女儿的出生序次先后均对养老资本有促进作用;三孩老人第一孩性别对养老资本无显著影响,第一孩为儿子时第三孩为女儿和第一孩为女儿时第二孩为女儿均对养老资本有显著积极影响。子女数量能够给农村老人带来养老资本的增加,而子女性别和序次结构仅对城市老人养老资本有显著积极影响。

Based on the theory of sustainable livelihood,this paper analyzes the present situation of old-age security capital with different number,gender structure,birth order of children by using the data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS)in 2014,and comprehensively examining the influence mechanisms and outcomes of these characteristic of children on old-age security capital and the differences between urban and rural elderly.The results show that the number of children has a significant positive effect on the old-age security capital.The influence of children’s gender structure is reflected in the significant positive effect of the increase in the number of daughters on the old-age security capital.The influence of children’s birth order on the two-child elderly is shown in the promotion of old-age security capital regardless of daughter’s birth order.The gender of the first child in a three-child family has no significant effect on the old-age security capital.However,when the first child is a son and the third children are daughters,or the first and the second child being a daughter has a significant positive impact on the old-age security capital.The number of children only increases the old-age security capital for the rural elderly,the gender structure and birth order of children only have an impact on the old-age security capital of urban elderly.